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1、基础英语语法1,英语的词类,Self-introduction,殷健：Jack, 雅思教学总监，11年教学经验。东南大学英语、南京大学教育学双硕士。主讲：雅思写作、托福写作、SAT写作、BEC商务英语、翻译、语法等。Mailbox: QQ: 750729743 Mobile: 13851433407,课程教案,教学特点,1）语法体系讲解2）补充材料学习3）学习任务（写作）,今日学习内容,Warming-up: 3 mini-tasks 1）名词 2）动词 3）形容词 4）动词Sum-up: a short essay,学习的重点,1）系统的词类语法知识：名词、动词、形容词、副词等2）考试要点
2、词形变化、正式词语与非正式词语、同义词替换等,词形变化,Succeed - success - successful successfully,正式词语与非正式词语,孩子 儿童 后代 Kid Child Offspring,同义词替换,Good Wonderful Gorgeous Fantastic Marvelous Brilliant,Warming-up,Mini-task 1Give your comments on the following paragraph and try to improve it. 5 minutes,New-semester resolution,The
3、 new semester has come. In this new semester, I will try my best to be a good student. First, I will try my best to study hard, because knowledge is important. Second, I will try my best to make friends, because friends are important. Last, I will try my best to have a part-time job, because getting
4、 some money is good.,Comments and improvement,Warming-up,Mini-task 2Please describe the following picture, using as many attractive words as possible. 5 minutes,Warming-up,Mini-task 2下文为经济学家上摘录的文章，我们将里面的词汇变得平淡。请将划线的词汇转换为地道生动的词汇。5 minutes,Exercise,Mr. Obama writes (1) good speeches and delivers them
5、beautifully. He attracts huge crowds, (2) stimulates their passions and moves them to tears. Yet he is no crude demagogue. He (3) deals with policy questions with an (4) excellent mix of intellect and pragmatism. His advisers (5) are surprised at his (6) ability to (7) consider complex arguments and
6、 pick solutions that seem both (8) reasonable and politically (9) possible.,Economics,Mr Obama writes brilliant speeches and delivers them beautifully. He attracts huge crowds, stirs their passions and moves them to tears. Yet he is no crude demagogue. He approaches policy questions with an admirabl
7、e mix of intellect and pragmatism. His advisers marvel at his capacity to weigh complex arguments and pick solutions that seem both sensible and politically feasible.,名词,教学内容： 1）专有名词和普通名词 2）可数名词与不可数名词及名词的复数 3）名词的所有格 4）主语名词与谓语的一致,专有名词 vs. 普通名词,专有名词：个别的人、地、物、团体等。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如： IELTS, TOEFL, Tom,
8、PSY专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。 如：the Great Wallthe Peoples Republic of China,附录1,考试常用专有名词汇总1）常见男女姓名 2）常见地名：英国、美国、澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰等,普通名词：是许多人或事物的共有名称。1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：book。2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family, committee, community, company, council, crew。3）物质名词（Materia
9、l Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：wood, water, metal, fire, soil。4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：happiness, anger, sorrow, love, hatred,附录2,1）高频写作/阅读名词 2）高频口语名词,可数名词；复数形式,在单数名词词尾加s如：melon melons ,desk desks.s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：classclasses, boxboxes, dishdishes, peachpeaches sandwich sandwiches注：
10、少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如：photophotos, pianopianos.,boy boys以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es如：familyfamilies, citycities, partyparties.strawberrystrawberries,以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如：shelfshelves, wolfwolves, lifelives, knifeknives.不规则变化manmen, womanwomen, sheepsheep,toothteeth, fishfish, childchildren, oxoxen, goo
11、segeese，foot-feet 不可数名词一般没有复数形式说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如：a bag of ricetwo bags of rice, a piece of paperthree pieces of paper, a bottle of milkfive bottles of milk four glasses of juice two cups of coffee,附录3,不规则名词复数表,不可数名词,是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。 如：water, milk, fruit, cereal, soup, juice, coffee, coke, pepper,
12、porridge, sugar, salt, news, oil, information不可数名词转化为可数名词,物质名词量的表示a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。 比较： Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数) These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数) b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，名词可数。 This factory produces steel. (不可数) We need various steels. (可数) c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。 Our country is famous for tea.
13、 我国因茶叶而闻名。 Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。,抽象名词有时也可数。 four freedoms 四大自由 four modernizations四个现代化 物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量。 如： a glass of water 一杯水 a piece of advice 一条建议,关于主谓一致,1、谓语和主语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：如：The book is old.(这本书是旧的 ）The water is very cold.(水很冷)2、集体名词(如family, class, team,
14、group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时, 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班) 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：Class Three have a map of China(三班有张中国地图),关于主谓一致,4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋)5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers（裤子）, gloves（手套）等名词往往用复数
15、形式,故谓语用复数。The shoes are very cheap(这鞋子很便宜)6、a lot of 后面跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如：A lot of students are playing football now.(现在有许多学生在踢足球) A lot of water is in the cup.(杯子里有许多水）,关于主谓一致,7、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数如：The teacher and his son are flying kites.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) 8、 there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如：There is a table in the room.There are four chairs in the room.There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子),关于主谓一致,9、用bothand连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如：Both you and I are goodfriends(你和我是好朋友）10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如：A woman with her child is in the car(一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子在车里),
