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1、非谓语动词讲解,Nonfinite Verbs,1.谓语动词：,概述：,2. 非谓语动词：,在句子中担任谓语的动词,是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分,1 The teachers sitting there arefrom other schools.,表语,2 We saw some teachers sitting there.,宾语补足语,宾语,谓语,主语,定语,连系动词,划分句子成分,动词不定式的时态和语态,动词不定式保留了动词的一些特征，有时态和语态的变化，它的时态和语态变化形式如下：,When I got home, my sister happened to be
2、 watching TV.,如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。,She is said to have read thirty novels this year.,Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long,After graduation, he asked to be sent to work in the countryside.,This novel is said to have been translated into French.,(1)作主语,不定式做主语时， 可以直接放在谓语动词之前。,To see is to beli
3、eve,Not to get there in time is your fault.,注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在后面，使句子保持平衡。,句型1：It + 谓语 + to do,It takes us an hour _ get there by bus.,句型2：Its + n. + to do,Its our duty _ help the poor.,句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.,It is + adj + for sb to do sth It is + adj + of sb to do sth,(2)作宾语。 常见的跟不定式
4、作宾语的动词(组)有want, wish, hope, expect, would like (love), choose, learn, plan, prepare, agree, promise, offer, refuse, ask, beg, decide, make up ones mind, be determined, manage, try, cant afford, fail, pretend等。He promised to come today, but he hasnt turned up yet .有形容词、分词、名词作宾补，不定式作宾语时要将不定式放于句末，用it 来
5、作形式宾语。如：You may find it necessary to finish the work ahead of time.,1.We thought _ better _ start early. 2.Do you consider _ better not _ go? 3. I feel _ my duty _ change all that. 4.We think _ important _ obey the law. 5.I know _ impossible _ finish so much homework in a day.,(3)作宾语补足语。常见的跟不定式作宾补的动
6、词有ask, order, advise, like, want, teach, force, forbid, beg, allow, expect, cause, invite, tell, know, call on, depend on, wait for等。The children asked their parents to take them to the park.。感官动词后，如 see, watch, look at, observe, notice, hear, listen to, feel及部分表示“使”、“让”的使役动词，如have, make, let 跟不定式作宾
7、补时要省略不定式符号to。但在被动语态中to 要加上。Though he had often made his sister cry, today he was made to cry by his sister.help后的不定式作宾补(包括作宾语)to 可有可无。,（4）做表语：表示具体的动作,1). 其主语多为抽象名词(wish, need),My wish is to be a scientist.The main thing is to keep our room clean.,be to do可构成将来时态,表 “准备/打算/计划/需要”;,She is to return nex
8、t week. It was about to leave when it started to rain.,2).,注意： 如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就应有必要的介词，如：,He is looking for a room to live in ,Please give me a knife to cut with,(5)作定语,不定式作定语时， 通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式常和它所修饰的词有动宾关系。如：,I have a lot of work to do. Here are some books for you to read. She was the first pers
9、on to think of the idea. They made a plan to study English . He expressed his wish to visit the Great Wall.,1.The house is not big enough for us all_. A. to live in B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in 2.I have something important to say.please find a piece of paper .（写上） 3.Excuse me，could
10、I use your pen for a moment？ I have no pen . （写）,to write on,to write with,1). 目的状语: 可放于句首,也可放于句末, 前面可加in order/so as/soas to表强调.,He stopped to have a look.He ran so fast as to get to school in time,2). 结果状语:主要用在enough to/tooto/only to结构中。,The question is too difficult to answer. They worked hard en
11、ough to finish their work.,3). 原因状语: 主语+系动词+adj.+ to do,表感情的adj.有: happy, surprised, pleased, glad, sorry, anxious(忧虑), disappointed, careful, afraid, wrong.,Im very sorry to see you. He was afraid to leave him home,(6)作状语,动名词（gerund）,一. 动名词的基本构成,二. 动名词的性质,动名词既具有动词的特点又具有名词的特点,1.动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰,I ho
12、pe you dont mind my saying it.,2. 动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语,Are you for or against having the meeting. I insisted on leaving at once.,三.动名词的功用,1.可作主语,Seeing is believing,Reading newspapers can increase our knowledge.,no useno goodno fun Its + a shame + doinga waste of time/moneyuselessdangerous There is no + d
13、oing.,It is no use crying. It is no good objecting Looking after the patients is a nurses job. Its dangerous playing with fire. Its a waste of time copying othershomework. There is no joking about the matter.,2.可作宾语, S. + vt.+ doing,Have you finished reading the book? I suggest doing it in a differe
14、nt way.,在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的这类动词有：,避免错过 (少) 延期 avoid / miss / delay/postpone 建议完成 (多) 练习 suggest / advise / finish / practise 喜欢想象 禁不住 enjoy/appreciate/ imagine/ resist/ cant help 承认 否定 (与) 嫉妒 admit / deny / envy 逃脱 冒险 (莫) 原谅 escape / envy /risk /pardon / excuse 忍受 保持 (不) 在意 stand / keep / kee
15、p on mind,prefertolook forward tobe used toput offgive upS. + keep on + doingsucceed incant helpfeel likebe busybe worthhave difficulty/trouble/problem (in),作介词/短语动词的宾语:,S. + v. + prep. + doing,e.g. She sat there without (speak) I look forward to (see) him again. Are you used to (live) there alone? When my father heard the news, he couldnt help (laugh). I dont feel like (go) to see the film. He was busy (prepare) his lessons.,主动表被动:,want (需要)need (需要)require (需要)Sth. + + doingbe worth (值得),使用动名词作宾语时，用主动形式表达被动含义,
