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1、,教育部大学外语四级考试,汉英翻译高分策略,主讲人：马鹤鸣北京对外经济贸易大学 副教授北京市高等院校外语教学研究中心 副主任国家商务英语研究中心 研究员大学外语四六级考试阅卷组 成 员上海外国语大学英语语言学 博 士,讲座内容提要,大学外语四级考试汉英翻译10大考点及例句分析 汉英翻译A类句型练习（54个基本句式）,大学外语四级考试汉英翻译10大考点及例句分析,汉英翻译中的10大必考考点：1.被动语态在不同时态中的应用 2.形容词和副词的比较级（一般不考最高级） 3.倍数、半数的表达法 4.require、demand、order、claim等动词后接宾语从句时从句的虚拟性表达 5.It is
2、 time、It is natural等词后接宾语从句时从句的虚拟性表达 6.If 引导的条件状语从句、及虚拟语气的表达 定语从句的恰当表达 7.no matter 引导的状语从句 8.主语从句、动词不定式复合结构作主语 9.现在分词和过去分词在句子中的应用 10. 倒装句式的使用,1.被动语态在不同时态中的应用,I eat the apple. The apple is eaten (by me). 一般现在时 I ate the apple. The apple was eaten (by me). 一般过去时 I will eat the apple. The apple will be
3、 eaten (by me). 一般将来时,I am eating the apple. The apple is being eaten (by me). 现在进行时 I was eating the apple. The apple was being eaten (by me). 过去进行时 I will be eating the apple. The apple will be being eaten (by me). 将来进行时 I have eaten the apple. The apple has been eaten (by me). 现在完成时 I had eaten t
4、he apple. The apple had been eaten (by me). 过去完成时 I will have eaten the apple. The apple will have been eaten. 将来完成时,2. 形容词和副词的比较级（一般不考最高级）,2.1 The morethe more I my sixties one change I notice is that I feel more tired than (I was) before. .(2007/12) The more you explain, the more I was confused. (
5、2006/6),2.2 表示“比较”的短语 compare sth. with sth. sth. is compared with sth. in comparison with Your losses in trade this year are nothing when (they are) compared with mine. (2005/6样题),3. 倍数、半数的表达法,3.1 倍数的表达 The size of my room is three times the size of yours.我房间的面积是你房间的三倍。 The money you earn is four t
6、imes that I earn.你的挣的钱是我的三倍。,3.2 半数的表达 On average, visitors spend only half as much as in a day in Leeds as in London. (2009/12样题) His income is one-forth as much as mine. His income is one-forth of mine.,4.require、demand、order、claim等动词后接宾语从句时从句的虚拟性表达,The professor required that our report be handed
7、 in by Wednesday. (2006/6) Some psychologists claim that people feel lonely when they go out on their own.(2006/12) I suggest that he go to see the doctor after the test. (2010/6样题),5.It is time、It is natural等词后接宾语从句时从句的虚拟性表达,It is time for us to have a walk. It is the right time (exact time/ high t
8、ime) that I had a walk. It is natural for us to try our best to study well. It is natural that we () try our best to study well. It is natural that we tried our best to study well.,6. If引导的条件状语从句、及虚拟语气的表达,If it rains tomorrow, I wont go to school. (真实语气) 6.1如设想的事情在将来不可能发生，则表现为：从句一般过去时+主句过去将来时 If in
9、2010 all the dogs became donkeys, there would be no animal to safeguard homes.,6.2 如果If假设的事情在现在或惯常现象中不可能发生，则表现为：从句一般过去时+主句过去将来时 If I were you, I would not change her habit.,6.3 如果If对过去已成事实的东西表示一种后悔，则表现为：从句过去完成时+主句would +现在完成时 事实：Yesterday I went to the downtown and I lost my money. 后悔：If yesterday I
10、 had not gone to the downtown, I would not have lost my money.,7.no matter 引导的状语从句,The substance does not dissolve in the water no matter whether it is heated.(2010/6样题) This is your home for ever no matter how far you are in the world.,8. 主语从句、动词不定式复合结构作主语,That he joined the army made everyone surp
11、rised. It made everyone surprised that he joined the army. That he died last night was a shocking piece of news. It was a shocking piece of news that he died last night.,9.现在分词和过去分词在句子中的应用,9.1 两种分词作状语 Because Tim came late, Tim was very shy. 省略 省略Coming late, Tim was very shy. Because Tim was scolde
12、d, Tim was very shy. 省略 省略省略 Scolded, Tim was very shy,现在分词表示主动或进行；过去分词表示被动或完成。,9.2 两种分词作定语,Mr. Lu is a teacher who teaches us English. Mr. Lu is a teacher 省略 teaching us English.,Mr. Lu is a teacher who was praised by us. Mr. Lu is a teacher 省略 省略 praised by us.,9.3 两种分词作补语,All of us saw he worked
13、for 6 hours. All of us saw him working for 6 hours.,All of us saw he was punished by the teacher. All of us saw him 省略 punished by the teacher.,10. 倒装句型：,Only by doing this , can + 主语+谓语 Only by doing this , can we realize the 4 modenness.,Not untildo (did) +主语+谓语 Not until he came back, did I go to
14、 sleep.,2.汉英翻译A类句型练习（54个/出现率66.66%）,1）The size of my room is three times the size of yours.我房间的面积是你房间的三倍。 2) Tom bought a same book as mine early this morning. 汤姆今天早上买了一本和我的一样的书。 3） I was reading a novel when my mother came in to fetch some books. 我正在读小说，突然我妈妈进来送些书给我。,4）Since he has been late, I wil
15、l leave some message notes for him. 既然他已经晚点了，我就给他留几个便条吧。 5) He eventually succeeded after （he experienced） many failures. 在经历了许多失败之后，他终于成功了。 6）We got very surprised at his going to school late every day. 我们对他天天上学迟到感到惊奇。,7）Everybody was shocked at her killing boyfriend. 她能杀了她男朋友，大家都很吃惊。 8）I dont beli
16、eve that he can mock/ridicule me. 我不相信他会嘲弄我。 9）The climate in Shenyang is warmer than that in Changchun. 沈阳的天气比长春暖和。,10）We spent much more money on the project than we had planned to spend. 在这个工程上，我们比原计划花费了更多的钱。 11）Wang Tong deals with everything more carefully than I （do）. 王同做任何事情都比我认真. 12) Situation is actually better than was expected. 情况比我们预计的要好。,
