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1、The Translations of Proper Nouns in Tour-guide English,一、纯地名的翻译,如中国各省、特别行政区、城市、乡镇及外国的州、城市、乡镇等。这些地名是名符其实的专有名词。除已经存在的地名外，大部分地名均可采取音译的办法。 在外译中，如世界各国及其首都和主要城市的名称、美国各州或英国郡的名称等，应先查阅相关的词典或网络资料。,Inner Mongolia Hohhot Urumqi Tibet Altay Prefecture Bayangol Karamay Korla Kashgar Turpan Lhasa,Shannxi Inner Mon
2、golia Autonomous Region Tibet Autonomous Region Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,the Macao Special Administrative Region the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region如果汉语名字是单字组成，翻译时一般改成双字。 蓟县 Jixian Country地名的简称在英译文中要还原全称。 穗 Guangzhou,使用地名
3、的简称命名的铁路、公路名称一般把两地的全名译出。 京沪铁路 Beijing-Shanghai Railway 陇海铁路 Lanzhou-Lianyungang Railway 京杭大运河 Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal 京津塘高速公里 Beijing-Tianjin-Tanggu Expressway,二、河流、山川、湖泊、岛屿等的翻译,外文的山川、河流、湖泊、岛屿等名称的翻译要求翻译者有一定的地理知识，对世界上著名的河流、山川和湖泊已经固定的中译文有一定的了解，这样就可以在翻译中省去查阅资料的麻烦，提高翻译效率。,mountain, hill rock peak c
4、liff ravine stream ridge pool, pond waterfall,spring lake cave lake, pond, pool valley temple pagoda tower palace,temple shrine garden villa pavilion convent,nunnery hall, pavilion house, hall, study, room grotto former residence gardens, park,（一）中国,1. 中国的大部分河流、湖泊、山川、岛屿采取音译的办法。 Songhua River Changba
5、i/Taihang/kunlun Mountains Dongting Lake Hainan Island,2. 如果中文的河流、湖泊、山川、岛屿名称为单字，翻译中则改为双字的汉语拼音。 Taihu Lake Lijiang River Huangshan Mountain,3. 中国有的河流、山川、湖泊已经沿用下来的固定翻译。 Yangtze/Yellow/Pearl River Fragrant Hill Yarlung Tsangpo River Altay Mountains,4. 五岳均有两种译法 Mount Tai = Taishan Mountain Mount Heng =
6、Hengshan Mountain Mount Hua = Huashan Mountain Mount Song = Songshan Mountain Mount Heng = Hengshan Mountain,（二）国外,1. 河流 Amazon, Congo, Mekong, Mississippi, Missouri, Nile, Rhine, Thames 2. 山峰和山脉 Alps, Andes Mountains, Rocky Mountains, Great Caucasus, Himalayan Mountains, Fuji Mountain, Mont Blanc,
7、Kilimanjaro,3. 湖泊 Caspian Sea, Superior, Victoria Lake, Aral Sea, Huron Lake, Michigan Lake, Baikal Lake, Great Bear Lake, Malawi Lake, Lake Geneva4. 火山 Vesuvius, Monte Etna,三、旅游中景观标识名称的翻译,孔林 the Cemetary of Confucius Beihai Park The Monument to the Peoples Heroes Chairman Mao Zedong Memorial Hall T
8、iananmen Square The Great Hall of the People,the Museum of Revolutionary History the Palace Museum The Forbidden City the Meridian Wall the Hall of Preserving Harmony the Hall of Central Harmony the Hall of Supreme Harmony Imperial Garden the Summer Palace,Temple of Heaven the Hall of Prayer for Goo
9、d Harvest the Great Wall the Ruins of Yuanmingyuan the Imperial Mountain Summer Resort Purple and Gold Hills Observatory Zijin Hills Observatory Mao Zedongs Former Residence Nine-villages Valley Guilin Scenery with Hills and Waters,The Emperor Qin Shihuangs Tomb Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses H
10、uaqing Hot Spring Huangguoshu Falls Longmen Cave Suzhou Gardens Lushan Mountain Heaven Poll Big Wild Goose Pagoda West Lake,Broken Bridge Autumn Moon on the Calm Lake the Three Pools Mirroring the Moon Viewing Fish at Flower Harbor Xiling Seal Club Potala Palace Jokhang Temple Stone Forest Dufus Tha
11、tched Cottage Thatched Cottage of Tang Poet Du Fu,Dujiang Dam Temple of Marquis Gulangyu Islet Yueyang Tower Yellow Crane Tower the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River the Sun and Moon Lake of Taiwan the First Pass Under Heaven the Himalayas Bayanbulak Grassland,The translation of some famous scenic s
12、pots in foreign country,Mount Fuji Taj Mahal Angkor Wat, Cambodia Bali, Indonesia Borobudur, Indonesia Pattaya beach, Thailand Babylon, Iraq Mosque of St. Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey,Niagara falls Bermuda Panama Canal Yellow Stone National Park Statue of Liberty Times Square, New York city World Trad
13、e Center Metropolitan Museum of Art the White House,Hollywood, California Disneyland, California Las vegas, Nevada Miami, Florida Suez Canal Aswan High Dam Pyramids Cape of Good hope Sahara Desert Great Barrier Reef,Sydney Opera House Ayers Rock Easter Island Notre Dame de Paris, France Eiffel Tower Arch of Triumph Elysee Palace Louvre Cologne Cathedral,Leaning Tower of Pisa The Colosseum Parthenon Temple Red Square Kremlin Big Ben Buckingham Palace Hyde Park London Tower Bridge Westminster Abbey,
