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1、Unit1 Learning a Foreign Language,reward,vt. give something in return for good and valuable doings a) The father rewarded the little boy for cleaning the room. 小男孩因为打扫了房间而受到父亲的奖励。 b) 最终，他的努力得到了回报。Finally, his hard work was rewarded.,n. C, U something as a return for good and valuable doings a) As a
2、reward for passing the exams, she got a new bike from her parents. 她因为通过了考试，父母给她买了一辆新自行车作为奖励。 b) 我听说为捉拿那小偷设立了重奖。 I hear there is a big reward for the seizing of the thief.,rewarding,adj. satisfying and worthwhile (giving you satisfaction, pleasure, or profit) a) She found the experience very rewardi
3、ng.她发现这个经历使她受益匪浅。b) 教学是一项很有意义的职业。Teaching is a rewarding career.,frustrate,vt. 1) cause someone to have feelings of disappointment She was frustrated by her failure in the college entrance exam. 她因高考失利而灰心丧气。 2) cause the failure of something 他的态度破坏了我们的计划。 His attitude frustrated our plan.,frustratin
4、g,adj.making someone feel annoyed, upset, or impatient a)Its frustrating when youre in a hurry and the traffic isnt moving. 当你赶时间而交通拥堵、寸步难行时，你会感到十分沮丧。 b)Many of the things my father finds frustrating are exactly what my mother finds most rewarding. 许多父亲觉得令人沮丧的事，恰恰是母亲认为值得做的。,frustration,n. C,U the fe
5、eling of being disappointed, annoyed, or upseta) Students have spoken of their growing frustration with school administrators. 学生们谈到了他们对学校管理层的失望与日俱增。b) This helps patients deal with some of the frustrations they may be feeling. 这有助于帮助病人应对他们可能感受到的挫折和失败。,junior,adj. having a low position, level, or ra
6、nk a) She started as a junior reporter on a local newspaper. 她是从一家地方报社的初级记者开始干起的。 b) 他的职责是指导职位在他之下的人。 His job is to give instructions to people junior to him.,senior,adj. having a higher position, level, or rank a) They have got effective support from the senior management of the college. 他们得到了大学高层管
7、理者的有效支持。 b) 他的职位比我高。 His position is senior to mine.,Cultural notes In China, a junior middle school refers to a stage of education after primary or elementary school, and a senior middle school refers to a stage of education after junior middle school and before college or university. 不同年级大学生的名称： f
8、reshman大一新生 sophomore大二学生 junior大三年级学生 senior大学四年级学生,positive,adj. 1) helpful and encouraging in achieving sth. a) If you want to improve your situation you must adopt a positive attitude. 如果你想改善你的境况，就必须采取积极的态度。 b) The teachers support made me feel better, more positive. 老师的支持让我的心情有所好转，也更有信心了。,2) de
9、finite; allowing no room for doubt a) We are still not positive as to how he died, but when we know more we will tell you. 他究竟如何死的，我们还没有得出明确答案，但一旦了解到更多情况，我们就会告诉你的。 b) He must be positive before making a decision about whether these workers should be fired. 是否解雇这些工人，做决定前他应该有个确切的想法。,former,adj. of an
10、earlier period The former president made a speech at the conference. 前总统在会上作了演讲。 n. (the former) the first of the two people or things just mentioned a) Of the two possibilities, the former seems more likely. 两种可能性中，前者更有可能。 b) 面对一块巧克力和一本书，大多数人会选前者。 Given the choice between a piece of chocolate and a
11、 book, most will choose the former.,unlike,prep. not like; different from a) Unlike me, my brother likes to get up early. 与我不同， 我弟弟喜欢早起。 b) He was firm and steady unlike other men she knew. 与她认识的其他男人不同，他既刚毅又稳重。,intimidate,vt. create a feeling of fear in somebodya) He said he would never be intimidat
12、ed by his opponents power. 他说他决不会被对手的权势吓倒。b) 他一直被关在监狱里直到审判为止，以确保他不能恫吓任何证人。 Hes being kept in jail until the trial so that he cant intimidate any of the witness.,medium,n. (pl. media or mediums) a method for giving informationa) TV has become the most important medium. 电视已成为最重要的媒体。b) 他说诗歌是表达情感的最佳载体。
13、Poetry is the best medium for communicating emotion, he says.,adj. of middle size, amout, or qualitya) She was of medium height and medium build. 她中等身材。b) This is great news for small and medium-sized business, in particular those seeking to grow. 对那些中小型企业来说这是个好消息，对于那些寻求发展的公司尤其如此。,access,n. 1) U the
14、 right to have or use something a) Access to students files is restricted. 查阅学生档案的权利是受限制的。b) If you do not have access to the Internet, well send someone to help you. 如果你还上不了网，我们会让人去帮你。 2) C the means of entering a place The soldiers guarded the only access to the building. 士兵把守着通向那栋楼的唯一通道。,get/ hav
15、e/ obtain access to: have the right to have or use somethinga) Anyone who has got access to secret information knows that they should not pass it on by telephone. 任何接触到机密信息的人员都知道绝不能通过电话传递这些信息。b) 输入用户名及密码，你就可以获得你的数据。 You obtain access to your data by typing in a user name and password.,participate (i
16、n): vi. take part (in),a) There are regular class discussions, but some of the students never participate. 虽然有定期课堂讨论，但是有些学生从不参加。b) 会员可以参加俱乐部组织的任何活动。 Members can participate in any of the activities organized by the club.,virtual: adj.,1) created by the computer to be similar to the experience of rea
17、l life Many virtual communities are growing on the Internet as more and more people want to find new ways to make friends. 许多虚拟社区出现在因特网上，因为越来越多的人想通过新的方式交朋友。 2）almost what is stateda) The king was so much under the control of his wife that she was the virtual ruler of the country. 国王完全被他的妻子控制，他的妻子才是这个国家的实际统治者。b) Finding a cheap place to rent is a virtual impossibility in this area. 在这一片儿想租到一个便宜的地方根本不可能。,
