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1、各类符号,名词n. 形容adj. 副词adv. 动词v.,vi.,vt. 数词num. 介词prep. 连词conj. 感叹词int. 代词pron.,冠 词,不定冠词“a”和“an” 的用法,1、泛指一类人和物。相当于any. eg. A horse is an useful animal. 2、表示 one 或 every, eg. I have a mouth ,a nose and two ears.,3、用于一些固定词组中. eg. a little / a bit / a couple of4、用 a/an + 抽象名词，表示“一件 的事”,“一个.的人”eg. He is a s
2、uccess. The plan is a failure.,1、表示特定的或上文已提到的人或物。I borrowed a book yesterday. The book is very interesting2、表示世界上独一无二的东西。 The sun is the center of the world.,定冠词的用法,3、表示江河 ，山川群岛，海峡海湾及国家，党派的名称是由几个普通名词构成的专有名词时，通常用the.the Dead Sea,4. 定冠词+姓氏复数，表示夫妇或一家人。eg. the Smiths the Turners5、演奏的乐器名称前加定冠词.eg. play t
3、he piano,6、用在方位名词前或某些表示时间的词组或惯用语中. on the left (right) in the west in the end in the morning7、某些形容词前加 the 表示一类人或物，谓语动词用复数。 The rich become richer, the poor poorer.,8、用在单数名词前，表示一类人或一类物。 eg. The horse is a useful animal. 9、用在序数词前，形容词的最高级前及表示两者之间的比较中 “较 者”之前. eg. the longest river He is the taller of t
4、he two.,不用冠词的情况,1.抽象名词、物质名词、单个专有名词，人名、地名等前 What they need is water. Failure is the mother of success. China , Tom, Shangdong Province,2名词前有this, that, my ,some, any等代词限制时 This is my book.3.三餐前和球类、棋类运动前 play football What do you usually have for lunch?,4、节日、假日前、四季前 Summer comes after spring and befor
5、e autumn. Childrens Day 5、复数名词表示一类人或事物 He is fond of reading novels. 6、在某些固定词组中 at noon 中午 at first最初,1.I have_ idea.Lets go on _ picnic on Saturday.2.Did you have fun at _picnic yesterday?,an,a,the,3._ beef is a kind of _ meat.4._ beef we had for dinner last night was excellent.,The,代词,1.人称代词,I,we,
6、me,us,you,you,you,you,he,she,it,him,her,it,they,them,用法口诀： 人称代词分两格，主格宾格来分说；主格定把主语作，宾格作宾不会错。,2.物主 代词,my,our,your,your,his,her,its,their,mine,ours,yours,yours,his,hers,its,theirs,用法口诀：物主代词两类型，形容词性、名词性。形容词性作定语，后面定把名词用。 名词性、独立用，主宾表语它都充。,3. 反身代词,myself,ourselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,themselves,her
7、self,itself,反身代词用法口诀： 反身代词表自身，句中可作两成分： 表示强调同位语，宾语动作回自身。,1._ teaches us English.(She, Her) 2. Please look after_ .(him, he) 3. _teacher is a young man.(Our, Ours) 4. That isnt my bike. Its _(her, hers). 6.He teaches _ English. (himself, his ),She,him,Our,hers,himself,4.指示代词,1.it, one, that 作代词的区别 it指
8、上文提到过的事物。 one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个。 that常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，避免重复.,(1) I have many books. Which_ do you like? (2) The book is mine. _ is very interesting. (3)The weather in Beijing is much colder than_ in Hainan.,one,It,that,2.it 的几种特殊用法 有时用来代替小孩和婴儿。 Whos this boy in the picture? Its me. 不知姓名或是谁时。 Who is i
9、t at the door? Its Jim. 作形式宾语或形式主语时 I found it interesting to learn English.,5.不定代词,1. many, much的区别 He doesnt have_ time to finish his work.( many, much) _ are reading books. ( many, much),much,Many,2. a number of , the number of的区别 a number of +名词复数做主语时，谓语动词用复数。 the number of +名词复数做主语时，谓语动词用单数。 _
10、the students in our class is 54. _students are planting trees.,The number of,A number of,3. few, a few, little, a little的区别 There are _ minutes left. Hurry up.( few, a few) Dont worry. I have _ money here.( little, a little),few,a little,4. some, any 的区别 some一般用于肯定句中，any 用于否定句和疑问句中。 I have _ books,
11、but I dont have _ pens. There is not _ meat in my bowl. There is _ chicken in it. 提示板：some有时也可用于疑问句中，表示劝告， 请求或建议。any 用于肯定句中，表示“任何一个” Would you like some tea? May I ask you some questions? You can borrow any of the three books.,some,any,any,some,6. 复合不定代词,1)I have _ important to tell you.( something,
12、 anything) 2)I dont know_ else about it. ( something, anything) 3)Dont worry,_ is OK.( nothing, everything),Exercises,something,anything,everything,4)-You look so happy! -Jack says I am very beautiful. _has ever told me that before. (Everybody, Nobody)5) The bottle is empty. There is_ in it. (someth
13、ing , nothing ),Nobody,nothing,7、疑问代词，连接代词和关系代词,感叹词,是表示喜怒哀乐的词.它在意义上与句子有所关联,但在结构上常被当作独立成分看待.感叹词常放在句首,后用逗号,感情强时可用惊叹号. (一)常用感叹词 1、Oh(o)表示惊奇、恐惧、痛苦、懊恼、高兴等，如： Oh! So you are here! 啊！你也在这里！,Ah表示惊奇、恐惧、高兴、痛苦、恳求、松一口气等， 如： Ah, that is right. 恩,这样就对了.3.Alas表示痛苦、焦急等，如：Alas, he is still in danger. 唉，他还在危险中。,4、Oh
14、dear, dear me, (my) goodness表示惊异、赞叹、不耐烦、难过等，与汉语中的“天哪”有些接近。（女性用的比较多） 如：My goodness! How could you finish your work so fast!我的天啊！你怎么把工作完成得这么快！,5、Hello用来招呼人，相当于“喂”“嘿”等，如：Hello! How are you？ 喂！你好吗？ 6、Good lord, Good heavens表示惊异，不高兴等。（男性用的比较多），如： Good heavens! Can an onion grow so big! 嗬，洋葱会长这么大！,7、well表
15、示惊异、犹豫、松一口气等，如：Well,what shall we do next?恩，下步怎么办?8、why表示惊奇或不足为奇，常带有“原来这样”，“你这都不知道吗？”这类意思，如：Why, youll learn even faster that way.哎,这样你还学得更快些.,数词 数词就是表示事物的数量和顺序的词，分基数词和序数词两种。,一.基数词,表示数量多少的词是基数词，如：one, two, three等。构成方法如下： 1）从112分别由从one到twelve12个各不相同的词表示。 2）从1319均以后缀-teen结尾。 3）从2090的整十数词均以后缀-ty结尾。表示“几十几”时，个位和十位之间需加连字符，如twenty-one, thirty-two, forty-three等。,4）数字的写法和读法： 十位与个位之间要加连字符“-”； 百位和十位之间要加and； 三位数以上的数，从个位往前数，每三位数加一个逗号“，”，从后往前数的第一个逗号代表thousand,第二个逗号代表million,第三个逗号是billion，注意这几个词不能用复 数形式，后也不能加and。,
