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1、第一章主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句一、主语从句1、 what 和 that 的区别what 引导从句，充当主、宾、表语that 不充当成分，但不可省略EG:That he passed the exam surprised us. 2、 where how why 都能引导主语从句，据句意而定3、 if 与 whether 的区别主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词宾语从句后面跟不定式，只用whether ，不用 if EG: Whether he will come doesn t matter. If depends on whether it rains or not. 4、 主语从句做
2、主语谓动用单数二、宾语从句1、 宾语从句的语序和时态 语序：宾语从句永远用疑问句引导陈述句时态：如果主语的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句可用任何时态如果主语谓语动词是过去时，从句必须用过去的任何时态EG ：He asked me what my name was. He asked me what was the matter. 2、 混合疑问句疑问句 +do you think/believe/suppose+陈述句EG:What do you think he loves? 三、表语从句（同位语从句一样）China is no longer what is used to be What I
3、ll tell you is that he won t come here this afternoon. 四、同位语从句修饰 fact/belif/chance/news/phonght/promise等可能是同位语从句，也可能是定语从句若引导词充当成分，则为定从若不充当成分，则为同从*that 不可以省略，不可以用which 替代。第二章动词短语1SET set up 成立Set off 出发，动身set off for ；引起，使引爆Set out 出发 ;开始着手做；说出，阐明Set about doing 开始着手做Set free 释放Set aside 留出 , 做Set fo
4、ot in 立足Be set in 以 , 为背景2CALL call on sb 拜访某人Call on sb to do 号召 , 做Call at someplace 摆放某地Call for 需要Call in 召集来Call off 取消Call out 大声喊Call up 召醒，打电话3GIVE give off 放出光热Give out 分发、精疲力竭（没有被动语态）Give away 赠送Give in to sb/ sth 投降屈服Give up 放弃Give away to 让道；屈服4WORK work with 与 , 一起工作Work out 算出；锻炼Work a
5、s 做 , 的工作Work harded 努力工作Work on 从事于；忙于5BREAK break out 爆发，发出（水火灾害，战争）Break down 车坏了，抛锚；人累垮了；分解（化学变化）；消除误会Break up 分解（物理变化）Break into/in 插话、打岔；强行闯入Break through 突破Break away from 脱离6 JOIN join the Party/League/club成为 , 一员Join to 把 , 和 , 连接起来Join sb in sth/in doing sth 和 , 一同做 ,Join up 连接起来7 TAKE tak
6、e up 拿起；占据；接受；从事Take over接管Take off 起飞；脱下；成功；拿走Take in 吸引；欺骗Take down 写下；记下；取下Take place发生（按计划安排）Take part in 参加Take sth seriously 认真严肃对待Take sth for granted 想当然Take on 呈现；承担8 LIVE live on 以 , 为生（rice/salary）Live by doing 靠 , 为生Live with 与 , 住在一起；忍受Live up to 不辜负Live though 经历；度过9 TURN turn on/off打开
7、；关掉Turn up 调高；出现Turn down 调低；拒绝Turn to sb 求救于；求教于Turn to sth 转向Turn out 结果是；证明是Turn into 变成Turn twenty 刚过二十岁Turn teacher 成为一名教师Turn over 翻身；翻地Turn in 上交10 CUT cut down 砍到Cut up 砍碎Cut through 凿通Cut off 切断Cut in 插话11 LOOK look for/at/after找；看；照顾Look out 向外看；小心Look into 向里看；调查Look though 浏览；仔细查看Look up
8、 向上看；查找；Look down 瞧不起Look up to 仰望；尊敬Look as 把 , 看成12 GET get through 接通电话；完成；通过Get over 克服；恢复（健康）Get on/along with sb 相处Sth 进展Get in torch with 取得联系Get rid 摆脱Get behind on 落后；落下Get across 理解；明白13 STAND stand up 站起来Stand for 代表Stand out 杰出；显眼Stand by 袖手旁观；支持14 CHECK check in 住店Check out 结账15 GO go w
9、rong/bad/mad 变得不好Go without 没有什么, ；勉强活下来Go +adv 进展得Go up/down 上升；下降（价格）Go by 消失（时间） ；经过Go ahead 说吧；用吧Go for 努力获取Go on doing/to do /with 继续；接着做另一件事16 COME come up with 提出；想出Come across 偶然遇到Come to 达到；提到Come up to 走上前来Come up 上来Come out 出版；开花；结果Come on 加油；快点吧；得了吧17 PICK pick sth 栽Pick ones pocket 偷 ,
10、的包Pick up 拾起；搭载；接受；偶尔学到；恢复健康Pick out 挑选出18 MAKE make up 组成；构成be Make of/ from/in/ into 制成make up for 弥补；编造；化妆make out 辨别出make the most of best +sth to do , 充分利用good use of make up ones mind 下定决心19 ATTEND attend the meeting/class/the weeding/the funeral 出席Attend to 照顾Attend for 顾及到；考虑到20 KEEP keep of
11、f 别碰Keep out 不让 , 进来Keep up 坚持；维持Keep away from 脱离 ,Keep on doing 继续做Keep up with 跟上；追上；赶上Keep back 阻止Keep sb doing/ from doing 使 , 一直做；阻止, 做21 KONCK knock off 把 , 从 , 撞下来Knock down 撞到Knock over 撞翻Knock out of 敲打出22 DIE die of 死于内因Die from 死于外因Die out 灭绝Die away 逐渐消失Be dying to sth 渴望做 ,23 PAY pay f
12、or 付款Pay off 还清Pay back偿还24 PUT put on 收起来穿上；上演Put up 举起；粘贴；住宿Put off 推迟Put out 扑灭；平息Put away 收起来留作以后用Put up with 忍受25 BRING bring in 引进；赚的Bring up 抚养；呕吐Bring about 引起第三章状语、定语从句一、状语从句：1、 引导词词意： (1)although/while/though/as 虽然(2)when/while/as当 , 什么时候(3)because/since/as/for 因为(4)since/now that 既然(5)eve
13、ry time/each time/the first time 无引导词(6)as soon as/immidentily/the moment/the minute/the instant 一 ,就,(7)as long as/so long as/on condition that /prodided that 只要(8)even though/even if 即使(9)as if/as though 好像(10)unless 如果 , 不Once 一旦 , 就In cass that 万一For fear that 害怕；担心(11)so that /in order that 为了
14、, 以便，so that 结果(12)so ,that So adj+n+that 那么，以至于Suah+n+that Such a+adj+n+that 地点状语从句：只要where 引导(13)whatever/whoever/however So much/many/few/little+n 只能引导状语从句No matter where /how 无论补充：时间、条件等状语从句只用一般现代时，表示将来时，没有现在时用完成时，主句用将来时if do, will do 二、定语从句必须分析引导词在从句中所充当的成分1、 先行词为物，引导词用that/which/whose (1) 只用 t
15、hat,不用 which 先行词为最高级序数词既有人又有物不定代词All/ anyone/ nor (2) 只用 which, 不用 that 介词提前非限定性定语从句2、 先行词为人，引导词用who/that/whose/whom He is the boy whose father is a police 说明： （ 1）介词提前只用whom （ 2）those-who （ 3）非限定定语从句不用that 3、先行词为地点，引导词用where/which 4、先行词为时间，引导词用when 或介词 +which 5、先行词为the reason 引导词用why ,for which 6、先
16、行词为the way ,引导词用that/in which/ 无7、定语从句修饰整个句子，引导词用which/as (1)as 引导定语从句可放在主句前中后which 引导定语从句只能放在主句后*(2)定语从句是主谓宾结构，引导词充当主语只用which (3)译文是“正如，像” ，只用 as 不用 which 8、定语从句引导词做主语，谓语动词和先行词保持一致9、He is one of the students,who were praised by teacher He is the only one of the students,who was praised by teachers 第四章半系动词、情态动词一、半系动词半系动词无进行时，无被动语态，加adj 做表语1、 appear,seem 好像2、 smell,taste.feel.sound.look 起来3、 become,tuin,grow,go 变得4、 keep,stay,remain 保持5、 prove,turn out 结果是
