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1、Drills and Guide to Techniques of Reading Comprehension -Guessing the meanings of words and phrases in context阅读训练与解题技巧指导之词义猜测,2012-04-11,2012高考阅读理解专题之词义猜测,2012年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求,要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能：、理解主旨要义；、理解文中具体信息；、根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义；、作出简单判断和理解；、理解文章的基本结构；、理
2、解作者的观点、意图和态度；7、 补全文章提纲、概括主要内容或关键词语转换；,抓住主旨 明确细节 猜准词义 做好推断,近几年江苏高考阅读理解猜测词义题情况,What are the main question designs?,猜测词义题目类型,对考纲外生词的猜测, Many United Nations employees are polyglots: Mr. Jim, for example, speaks five languages fluently. “polyglot” most probably means “_.”,对考纲内熟词新义的猜测, I knew she was wron
3、g and that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. “cloud” means “_.”, The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly plastic. If you ask your brain to learn, it will learn. And it may even speed up while in the process.By saying “the brain at any ag
4、e is highly plastic”, the writer means the brain can be _. A.used B. mastered C. developed D. researched,对句义(短语意义及代词所指内容)的猜测,C,What are the main question forms?,词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1) The underlined word in the paragraph refers to/ means _. 2) What does “xx” in paragraph stand for /mean? 3) “xx” could bes
5、t be replaced by which of the following? 4) The expression /phrase “xx” means _. 5) The word “xx” is closest in meaning to _.,How can we guess the exact meanings of the WORDS?,猜测词意,一构词法 Word formation,二语境法 Context clues,?,Word Formation,一 构词法猜测词义,英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀prefix ）和词尾（后缀suffix）所组成。只要我们掌握了各种词根、
6、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。,中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super- (超) mini- (极小的, 微小的) micro-（极微小的） re- （再，反复） mis-（误，恶） im-（不） un-（不，非） in-（不，非） non-（不，非） -able（能的 ） -less（不，无） -wards (向) en- /-en (使,),superman microwave (超人) nonnatural mispronounce (非自然的) homeless nonsmoker (无家可归的) rebuild eastwards (重建),
7、Can you guess the right meanings?,(微波),(非烟民),(发错音),(向东),Ex1,enslave,(使成为奴隶,奴役),lengthen,(使变长), With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.,unconditional: nonjudgmental:,无条件的，绝对的,没
8、有判断力的,苏北四市2012届高三三模联考试题(C -65), From time to time, according to his theory, passing ships and planes set off the crystal, which confuses their instruments and engulfs them into the ocean. 65. The underlined word “engulfs” in Paragraph 4 probably means _.A. drops B. sucks/covers completely C. puts D.
9、 throws,B, When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him. Its true that lighthouse were built in out-of-the-way place. When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life?,Word-formation,（合成形容词-单词合成在一起而构成 ）,（词
10、性变化-转化法）,（派生法，合成法，转化法）,（词的派生-词根上加前缀或后缀 ）,Impossible to travel/pass through,imagine,偏僻的,Ex2,对考纲内熟词新义的猜测, I knew she was wrong and that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. “cloud” means “_.”,V make it difficult for sb to understand sth clearly.使难以理解,使模糊,n. V.转化法,?,Logical relations 逻辑关系,二 语境法猜测词义,Ex
11、1. A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals.The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.We are on the night shift - from midnight to 8 a.m. - this week.,木匠,动物学家,牧人,夜班,定义或释
12、义关系常由定语从句或is, be called, means, or, be known as, be defined as等词汇或冒号，破折号等来表示 ;或由that is (to say), in other words，to put it another way , or rather, i.e, namely, refer to 等 一些具体的解释性的短语引出生词.,Summary 1:Definition 定义法,二 语境法猜测词义,Ex.2 The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect las
13、t year. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter. Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.,替代,丰满的,污秽的, John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.
14、In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate.,节约的,混乱,天生的, The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly p
15、lastic. If you ask your brain to learn, it will learn. And it may even speed up while in the process.By saying “the brain at any age is highly plastic”, the writer means the brain can be _. A.used B. mastered C. developed D. researched,对句义(短语意义及代词所指内容)的猜测 07四川,C,利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。由and或or， like ,as as, the same as等连接的两个词构成同义关系；或利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。表转折关系的词常有如but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherwise, though ，on the contrary等。,Summary 2: Similarity& Contrast相似及对比法,
