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1、英语阅读理解能力的养成湖南师大附中 黄长泰1、阅读理解的语言基础 1）篇章的联结手段 2）词汇衔接与逻辑关系语2、阅读理解的技巧和方法1）正确阅读习惯的养成 2）正确有效的阅读方法3、阅读理解题的题型分析1）文章的主旨和大意2）主旨大意语事实和细节3）根据上下文揣测词义4）句子的意义与上下文之间的逻辑关系5）判断推理和引申6）领会作者的观点、意图和态度1、阅读理解的语言基础阅读理解题的测试目的： 应试者的综合语言能力： 运用语言知识（词汇和语法）的能力； 认知能力； 阅读技能.1）篇章的联结手段语篇的连贯性是通过合理的联结来 体现出来的。主要的联结方式有： 语法手段、词汇衔接和逻辑关系语1、时
2、间关联成分：表示事物发生的顺序： 先时性、同时性和后时性。1）先时性关联成分： 形容词：earlier, former, previous 副词：already, before, ago, beforehandfirst, previously, 介词：before this/that, in advance, by now, not long before, until nowuntil then, up to now / thenExamples: He finally handed a good essay. His previous essays were all poor. If y
3、ou want to have dinner in this restaurant at this time of the day, youdbetter make a preservation beforehand.1）同时性关联成分： 形容词：contemporary 副词：meantime, meanwhile, now, presently, then, just then 介词：at this point, in the meantime, in the meanwhile, at the sametimeExamples: The death of the president wa
4、s reportedon TV. A simultaneous announcementwas broadcast on the radio. I went to college 2 years ago. Meanwhile,all my friends got well-paid jobs.1）后时性关联成分： 形容词：following, later, next 副词：after, afterwards, immediately,finally, later, since, then, soon 介词：after a while, in a moment, afterthat/thisEx
5、amples: The mother went to the supermarket tobuy some food at 4:30. Later, she pickedup her children at school. We visited the Great Wall on the first day.in the following days, we visited manyother places of interest, including theForbidden City and the Summer Palace.2、地点关联成分：地点关联成份主要用来表示位置、地点 或方向的
6、词语above, around, before, beyond, beneath, close to, further, here, in front of, on the left, over, under, next to, opposite, on top of, at the bottom / back of, at the foot of, inside, outside等等。On Friday morning, I was at the front door talking to a caller. Suddenly we heard a crash and two cars co
7、llided just opposite. We hurried across to see if we could help. One driver was scrambling out, bleeding profusely, and my visitor, helped him over to the pavement. Then along came some people, running up the street. I dashed backing and phoned for help. When I went out again, the other driver, tryi
8、ng to move his car down the road a little and into the side.3、照应：照应是指用代词等语法手段来表示语义 关系。One day the sun and the wind had a quarrel. The sun said he was stronger than the wind. And the wind said he was stronger than the sun.Mary didnt go to class yesterday because she was sick.Listen to this! They have
9、 cancelled Fridays meeting.Tom, Mother says we are going to the zoo tomorrow.You said Tim had an accident. Thats really too bad!2)人称照应：人称照应是由人称代词、形容词性物主 代词、名词性物主代词体现出来的。My wife and I are leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. We have already booked the tickets.You and Jane can stay here for the night. Im su
10、re youll enjoy yourselves.Peter married a Chinese girl. He met her in Shanghai. His parents werent pleased. They visited her parents, but not his.You really ought to ask Sally not to tell a story like that to ass those friends of hers if she thinks they might be going to be working with John, unless
11、 she can be quite sure its not going to go any further. I hardly think it would appeal to his sense of humour.2)指示照应：表示指示照应词：指示代词： 定冠词： 指示性副词：this, that, these, those the here, there, now, then用that 或those来指代前面刚提到的事情：His car broke down on the way. That is why he was late this morning. We have no mor
12、e money for the repairs. Thats our trouble. 用this来指下面要谈到的事情：This is what I want to know: Has the mail arrived yet? this 和those 可以用来指代前面提到的事物，以避免重复该名词。that可以用来指代单数的可数名词和不可数名词；those则用来指复数的代可数名词。The water in this well is cleaner than that in that. (that in that = the water in that well) The cover of my
13、 book is more beautifulthan that of yours. （that of yours = the cover of your book）I dont like the clothes here but I prefer those in the window. （those=the clothes）this和these指代近一些的事物；that和 those指代远一些的事物。 There seems to have been a great deal of carelessness. This is what I cant under- stand. A: The
14、re seems to have been a great dealof carelessness. B: Thats what I cant understand.We went to the opera last night. That was our first outing for months. We are going to the opera tonight. This will be our first outing for months. Mary had a bad cold yesterday. Thats why she didnt go to the meeting.
15、These language options are open to our students: Spanish, French and German.He told a story like this: Long, long ago, there lived in the forest an old hunter定冠词可用来表示前照应：John bought a TV and a video player. But he returned the video player the next day.John bought a bike. But when he rode it, one of
16、 the wheels came off.副词here可以表示前后照应；there只能 表示后照应：Here is the news. The president is flyingThere seems to have been a great deal of carelessness. Here is what I cant under- stand. Hong Kong is a famous city. I have been there three times on business.now和then通常用于前照应：We have had our dinner; now lets have some coffee.In my young days, we were more serious. We had different ideas then.3)比较照应：比较照应是通过形容词和
