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1、 Period 3 Unit Grammar单元语法复习The Present Perfect The Present Perfect Passive VoicePassive Voice现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态Grammar现在完成时的被动语态 一、概念 现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动 动作，它有两层意思： 1动作已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影 响或结果。 2主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系。 Our classroom has been cleaned，so you neednt clean it now. 我们的教室已打扫过，你现在没必要再打扫了。 Th
2、ese flowers have been watered，and you can go home. 这些花已浇过水了，你可以回家了。二、现在完成时的被动语态的构成 肯定式：have/hasbeen及物动词的过去分词 否定式：在 have 或 has 后加 not The letters have not been typed by now. 到现在这些信件还没有被打印出来。 疑问式：把 have 或 has 提到主语前面 Have the clothes been washed? 衣服洗好了吗？ 三、现在完成时的被动语态的用法 现在完成时的被动语态，除表示发生在过去的这个 被动动作对现在产生
3、的影响或结果外，还可表示： 1在过去发生的一直延续到现在的并可能持续下去 的被动动作或状态。常与for或since引导的时间状语 连用，或用于“How long.？”句型中。The machine has been used for 3 years. 这台机器已经使用了三年了。 How long has the car been repaired? 这部车修了多长时间了？ 2用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成 的被动动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完 成时的被动语态。 You can go home as soon as your task has been finished.
4、你的任务一完成就可以回家。 四、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意以下几点 1现在完成时的被动语态的两个助动词，即have/has 和been，两者缺一不可。 2与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被 动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系， 而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系 。The road was built last year.这条路是去年修成的。 The road has been built.这条路已经修好。 3非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start ，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被 动语态不能与表示一
5、段时间的状语连用。若要表达相 应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。 How long has this dictionary been borrowed？() How long has this dictionary been kept？() 这本字典借了多长时间了？ 但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有持 续性，因而可与since或for构成的时间状语连用。 This dictionary has not been borrowed since last week. 自上周以来没有人借过这本字典。.用被动语态改写下列句子 1We have bought a new personal com
6、puter. _ 2We have found many problems with our new washing machine. _ 3I have given him the book. _ 4He has offered us the most comfortable service. _A new personal computer has been bought by us.Many problems have been found with our new washing machine by us.He has been given the book by me./ The
7、book has been given to him by me.The most comfortable service has been offered to us by him./ We have been offered the most comfortable service by him.5He has thought of a way of solving the problem. _ .单项填空 1Please stop to have a rest.You _ the washing machine the whole morning. Ahave repaired Bwer
8、e repairing Chave been repaired Dhave been repairing 2Flight 302 to Pairs_ until 7：30 tomorrow morning.No wonder I hear so many complaints from the passengers. Aput off Bhas been put off Cwill put off Dhad been put offA way of solving the problem has been thought of by him.3Have you finished your es
9、say?No，not yet，but half_ when you come back. Ahas been done Bis done Cbe done Dwill have been done 4The window is dirty.I know. It_ for weeks. Ahasnt cleaned Bdidnt clean Cwasnt cleaned Dhasnt been cleaned 5The desks whose legs were broken_ now. Will you_ them here? Ahave repaired；bring Bhave been r
10、epaired；fetch Chas been repaired；bring Dwere repaired；carry6Linda，the phone in your office cant be connected all the time. Why? Oh，sorry，Miss Miles. The service_ since last Wednesday.(2013河南郑州三模) Ahas been stopped Bhas stopped Cwas stopped Dhad stopped 7Experiments of this kind_ in both the U.S. and
11、 Europe well before the Second World War.(2011北京) Ahave conducted Bhave been conducted Chad conducted Dhad been conducted 8In the last few years thousands of films_ all over the world.(2011天津，3) Ahave produced Bhave been produced Care producing Dare being produced9(2012河南郑州三模)Linda, the phone in you
12、r office cant be connected all the time. Why? Oh, sorry, Miss Miles. The service_ since last Wednesday. Ahas been stopped Bhas stopped Cwas stopped Dhad stopped 解析：考查时态查时态 和语态语态 。句意：“琳达，你办办公室的电话电话 一 直打不通，为为什么？”“噢，对对不起，迈迈尔斯小姐。自从上周 三以来，电话电话 服务务就被中止了。”根据句意可知电话电话 中止开 始于过过去，并持续续到现现在，故用现现在完成时态时态 ，service与
13、 stop之间为间为 被动动关系，故答案为为A项项。 答案：A 10(2013银川部分中学高三联考)In Japan, all students_ how to prepare for and react to a disaster since a young age.Awere taught BtaughtChave taught Dhave been taught解析：考查时态查时态 和语态语态 。句意：在日本，所有的学生小时时候就被教会如何准备备和应对应对 灾害。根据句意以及时间时间状语语“since a young age”可知，此处处用现现在完成时时的被动动语态语态 ，故选选D项项。
14、答案：D11(2013兰州部分重点中学高三联考)I intend to buy that kind of clothes because I_ that they_ well.Ahave told; wash Bhave been told; washCwas told; washed Dhave been told; are washed解析：考查时态查时态 和语态语态 。既然是“我打算去买买那种衣服”，就表明“有人已经经告诉诉了我那种衣服好洗”，所以第一个空用现现在完成时时表示过过去动动作对现对现 在造成的影响或产产生的结结果。第二个空填wash，是动词动词 的主动动形式表被动动含义义，此
15、时时wash well用于表示其主语语的状态态或性质质，不表示动动作。答案：B12(2013上海十校联考)In the past twelve months the research members_ the effectiveness of many materials in a home building.Ahave been studied Bwould studyCstudied Dhave studied解析：句意：在过过去的十二个月里，研究人员员研究了许许多家用装修材料的效能。“in the past/last一段时间时间 ”表示“在过过去的一段时间时间 里”，与现现在完成时连时连 用，而且句子的主
