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1、asa朦wes罄ee园ya/e1,|nChutOuCOmContent“.Enlightenthinkingofvalues“工.Thedefinitionofvalues“TILExpressionsofeastandwest,indifference“JV.Reasonsofeastandwest,indifference“V.conclusionI.价值观的启蒙思想nlightenthinkingofvalu岑门,圆吴一5胁辙置且嘲濉山理的帕灵定.怀症医玲笑:1医志尿,。云技切刑沥圆林命帕人一招8-。育志谅仁绍心8M阮。怡朱jKH别“价值观是指一个人对周围的客观事物(包括人、事、物的意义
2、、重要性的总评价和总看法。像这种对诸事物的看法和评价在心目中的主次、轻重的排列次序,就是价值观体系s价值观和价值观体系是决定大的行为的心理基础。价值观是人们对社会存在的反映。是社会成员用来评价行为、事物以及从各种可能的目标中选择自己合意目标的准则。价值观通过人们的行为取向及对事物的评价、态度反映出来,是世界观的核心,是驱使人们行为的内部动力。它支配和调节一切社会行为,涉及社会生活的各个领域。Theconceptofvalues“valuesareideasaboutwhatisrightandwrong,desirableandundesirable,normalandabnormal.pro
3、perandimproper.“Italsaincludesthe-assumptions,theunquestionedgivensaboutpeople,life,andthewaysthingsare.eTheconceptofvalues“peoplewhogroupupinacertainculturesharecertainvalues,thatdoesnotmeantheyallshareexactlythesamevaluestotheSameextent;itdoesmeanthatmostofthem.mostofthetimeragreewith6achlother“si
4、daasabouthumannature,socialrelations,rightandwrong.“amainstreamculturecanbeviewedasacollectionofvaluesandassumptionsthatgotogethertoshapethewayagroupofpeopleperceiveandrelatetotheworldaroundthemTheconceptofvalues“IntheUnitedstates,foreXam尸e,valuesmightincludematerialcomfort,wealth,competition,indivi
5、dualismorreligiosityandsex,drugsandrockandroll.thevaluesofasocietycanoftenbeidentifiedbynothingwhichpeoplereceivehonoror-respect.“IntheUS,forexamples;professionalathletesarehonored(intheformofmonetary言ayment)morethancollegeprofessors,inpartbecausethesocietyrespectspersonalvalessuchasphysicalactivity
6、,fitness,andcompetitivenessmorethanmentalactivityandeducation.Theconceptofvalues“Valuesarerelatedtothenormsofaculture,buttheyaremoregeneralandabstractthannorms:.Norms(规范,准则)arerulesforbehaviorinspecificsituations,whilevaluesidentifywhatshouldbajodgedasrgoodoreyil|flyingthenationalflagontheholidayisa
7、norm,butitreflectsthevaluesofpatriotism,wearingdarkclothingandappearingsolemnarenormativebehaviorsatafuneral.theyreflectthevaluesofrespectandsupportoffriendsandfamily.IILExpressionsofeastandwest,indifference1.collectivismandindividualism)jthedefinitionof“collectvism“collectivismisasocialpatternconsi
8、stingofcloselylikedindividualswhoseethemselyesaspartsofoneormorecollectiVes(family,co-workers,tribernation);areprimarilymotivatedbythnormsDfanddutiesimposedbythosecollectives;arewilingtogiveprioritytothegoalsofthesecollectivesovertheirownpersonalgoals;andemphasizetheirconnectednesstomembersorthesecu
9、ltures.(Triandis,1995)畲2)Thedefinitionof“Individualism“individualismisasocialpatternthatconsistsoflooselylikedindividualswhoviewthemselvesaSindependentofcollectivesiareprimarilymotivatedbytheirownpreferences,needs,rightsilandtheicontactstheyhaveestablishedwithothersigiveprioritytotheirpersonalgoalsoverthegoalsofothers;andemphasizerationalanalysesoftheadvantagesanddisadvantagestoassociatingwithothers.(Triandis,1995)
