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1、口译 An OverviewTeaching ObjectivenBy getting students familiar with the theories and background knowledge and the basic skills of interpreting , this course aims to facilitate the students with interpreting procedure and basic skills and strategies ，such as ：memory training、note-taking、 oral presenta
2、tion and public speaking skills etc., to arise students awareness of current affairs and background knowledge, to cultivate their ability of discourse analysis , logical thinking ,cross-cultural communication and interpretation both from English to Chinese and vise versa . Interpretation: An Overvie
3、wnA bridgenTrue to meaningnCorrect rolenUse first-personn口译定义：definitionn“口译是一种通过口头表达形式，将所听到（间或 读到）的信息准确而又快速地由一种语言转换成另 一种语言，进而达到传递与交流信息之目的的交际 行为，是人类在跨文化、跨民族交往活动中所依赖 的一种基本的语言交际工具。”（ 教材P5）n口译是指“对口头表达的信息及文本进行的口头翻 译”(Shuttleworth Listening and Translation; Reading 北外BFSU 广外GFSU 上外（SHISU）高级翻译学院GITI 浙大翻译学
4、院ITS 口译人员行为准则 Code of Conduct for Public ServiceInterpreters in Britain 1. INTRODUCTIONPublic Service Interpreters are expected to abide by the Code of Conduct to which they are signatories. The standards in the Code set a framework for interpreting in the public services, upheld if necessary by pro
5、fessional and impartial disciplinary procedures. The objective of the code of Conduct is to make sure that communication across language and culture is carried out consistently, competently and impartially, and that all those involved in the process are clear about what may be expected from it. This
6、 Code of Conduct is registered with the Office of Fair Trading (Registration No. RMS/215 1) 2. COMPETENCEInterpreters admitted to the register are expected to:2.1 have a written and spoken command of both languages, including any specialist terminology, current idioms and dialects;2.2 understand the
7、 relevant procedures of the particular discipline in which they are working;2.3 maintain and develop their written and spoken command of English and the other language;2.4 be familiar with the cultural backgrounds of both parties. 3. PROCEDUREInterpreters will3.1 interpret truly and faithfully what
8、is said, without anything being added, omitted or changed; in exceptional circumstances a summary may be given if requested, and consented to by both parties;3.2 disclose any difficulties encountered with dialects or technical terms, and if these cannot be satisfactorily remedied, withdraw from the
9、assignment;3.3 not enter into the discussion, give advice or express opinions or reactions to any of the parties; 3.4 intervene only3.4.1 to ask for clarification3.4.2 to point out that a party may not have understood something3.4.3 to alert the parties to a possible missed cultural inference3.4.4to
10、 ask for accommodation for the interpreting process3.5 not delegate work, nor accept delegated work, without the consent of the client;3.6 be reliable and punctual at all times;3.7 must state (in a criminal trial) if they have been involved in interpreting at the police station on the same case. 4.
11、ETHICAL AND PROFESSIONAL ISSUES Interpreters will4.1 respect confidentially at all times and not seek to take advantage of any information disclosed during their work;4.2 act in an impartial and professional manner;4.3 not discriminate against parties, either directly or indirectly, on the grounds o
12、f race, color, ethnic origin, age, nationality, religion, gender or disability; 4.4 disclose any information, including any criminal record, which may make them unsuitable in any particular case;4.5 disclose immediately if the interviewee or immediate family is known or related;4.6 disclose any busi
13、ness, financial, family or other interest which they might have in the matter being handled;4.7 not accept any form of reward, whether in cash or otherwise, for interpreting work other than payment by the employer. Qualifications of a good interpreter: nA good interpreter is required to have a high
14、level of linguistic competence, wide general knowledge, sufficient subject-specific knowledge, and necessary cross-cultural awareness as well as a good mastery of interpreting skills, such as note-taking techniques, the ability to abstract and paraphrase, the art of public speaking and a good memory
15、.nKnowledge of the general subject of the speeches that are to be interpreted. nGeneral erudition and intimate familiarity with both cultures. nExtensive vocabulary in both languages. nAbility to express thoughts clearly and concisely in both languages. nA good mastering of interpreting skills nA go
16、od memory.Interpreters knowledge structure nKI=KL+EK+S(P+AP) 译员应该掌握的知识 =双语知识+百科知识 +技 能(职业口译技能 +艺术表达技能 )n KI=Knowledge Required for an Interpretern KL=Knowledge for language nEK=Encyclopedic Knowledge nS（P+AP）= Professional Interpreting Skills and Artistic Presentation Skills Linguistic Theories of Interpretation达尼卡. 塞莱丝柯维奇（Danica Seleskovitch）教授于 20世纪60年代后期创立的释意派理论，首先是一种口 译理论，该理论的出发点和角度与传统的语言学派翻 译理论完全不同，“其基本要点是严格区分语言与话 语的相对独立作用和相互关系，区分翻译过程中的已 知内容和未知内容之间的关系”（方梦之，2004：39 ）。释意派理论认为翻译是解释性的，它
