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1、动词 1.连系动词: 最常用的连系动词是be(是),另外还有 look(显得;看起来),get(变得),become( 变得;成为),seem(似乎;好象),turn(变成 ),grow(变得)等.She looks very ill.My brother has become a worker.2.最常用的短语动词(1)动词+介词look at, listen to(2)动词+副词get up, pick up, put on(3)动词+名词+介词take part in, pay attention to(4)动词+副词+介词keep up with, look forward to(5)
2、be+形容词+介词be good at, be interested in3.一般现在时的用法(1)表示主语具备的性格,特征和能力等.She likes music.She has blue eyes.He speaks English as well as he speaks his own language.(2)表示按规定或计划要发生的将来的 动作(只限于 go,come,start,leave,stay,arrive, return,begin,be 等动作),常带有表示将 来的时间的状语.(3)在时间,条件状语从句中表示将来的 动作.When he arrives, hell tel
3、l us about it.If he runs, hell get there in time.(4)表示时间短暂的动作.Here come the bus.There goes the bell.I declare the meeting open.4.一般过去时的用法(1)表示过去常常或反复发生的动作,要和 often,always,once a week等表示频度的时间 状语连用.While my brother was in the army, I wrote to him twice a week.He always went to work by bus.When we live
4、d there, we went to see him very often.(2)表示过去常常或反复发生的动作,也 可以用used to+动词原形或用would+动 词原形.I used to smoke, But Ive stopped now.She would talk to herself for hours.5.一般将来时(1)表示将来经常或反复发生的动作.We will come to see you every Sunday.They will go to the cinema twice a month.(2)be going to+动词原形, 表示即将发 生的事,或打算,计
5、划,决定要做的事,或可 能要发生的事.There is going to be a film tonight.Its going to snow.(3)有些表示位置移动的动词,如 come,go,start,arrive,leave,return等, 可用现在进行时表示按计划或安排即将 要进行的动作.He is coming to see me on Friday.We are going to the cinema tonight.She is flying to Beijing tomorrow.(4)某些动词(如come,go,start,leave等 )的一般现在时可表示按计划或时间表
6、要 发生的动作.The train leaves at 6:30.Mr. Smith starts for England tomorrow.(5)be+动词不定式表示安排了要在将 来做的事.The Queen is to visit Italy next year.He is to speak on TV tonight.6.现在进行时(1)表示当前一段时期内的活动或现阶 段正在进行(说话时不一定在进行)的动作 .They are planting trees these days.What are you doing here in Beijing? Im showing some for
7、eign guests round the city.(2)有时可以表示将来的动作.He is leaving for Nanjing this evening.I am seeing the American film tonight.7.现在完成时 (1)只有表示延续的动作或状态的动词(如 study, live,work,teach等),才能用于表示过去已经开 始,持续到现在,往往和表示一段时间的状语连 用. Come,become,join,get up等动词只表示 短暂的动作,不能这样用,这时需要用be来表示 延续的状态.He has been here for half a yea
8、r.His father has been a Party member for fifty years.Her brother has been in the army for three years.(2)现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完 成的动作，但现在完成时是表示过去发生的动 作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的 情况，所以它不能和表示过去时间的状语连用 ，而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态 ，和现在不发生关系，它可以和表示过去时间 的状语连用。He has lived here since 1980.He lived here in 1980.
9、She has been ill for three days.She was ill for three days.(3) “have/has been”和 “have/has gone”的区别Where has he been?Where has he gone?She has been to Shanghai.She has gone to Shanghai.8.过去完成时 (1)用 by,at,before等构成的短语.How many English words had you learned by the end of last term?At the age of six she
10、 had learned to play the piano.We had got to the station before 7 oclock. (2)用when,before等引导的从句.The train had left before he reached the station.The film had already begun when we got to the cinema.过去完成时还可以表示从过去某一时间 开始,并持续到过去另一时间的动作或状 态,往往和由for 或since引导的表示一段 时间的短语或从句连用.He had studied English for two
11、 years before he came here.She said that she had lived here since 1980.9.过去将来时 (1)表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的 动作或存在的状态. 过去将来时常用在宾 语从句中.I said that I should/would go to see him the next day.He told me the meeting would begin at half past eight.I asked him whether he would take part in the work.(2) 过去将来时也可以用“was
12、/were going to+动词原形”来表示.She said she was going to visit an exhibition next Saturday.He said there was going to be a concert this evening.I was sure they were going to do that.Choose the best answer: 1.I know him very well because we_ friends for ages. are B. were C. had been D. have been 2.I hope Li
13、ly will come to see me before she_. leave B. left C. leaves D. will leave 3.Look,here_the famous football player. Lets go and take a picture with him. A. Come B. comes C. came D. has come4._for New York?Yet. And I will come back next week. Have you left B. Do you leave C. Are you leaving D. Did you
14、leave 5.Once he_to do something, no one can hold him back. Will make up his mind is making up his mind Made up his mind Makes up his mind6.When you called me this morning, I_the newspaper. read B. was reading C. reads D. has read 7.The wind _ hard when I came back home this afternoon. was blowing B.
15、 blew C. has blown D. blows 8.I used to drink a lot of coffee but these days I_ tea. prefer B. am preferring C. preferred D. Have preferred9.Do you know anyone in Paris?No,But Ill make friends once_. A.Im settled B.Ill be settled C.Ive been settled D.I had settled 10.Whats the matter?The shoes dont fit properly. They _my feet. are hurt B. will hurrt C. have hurt D. are hurting11.The telephone_four times in the last hour, and each time it_for my roommate. A.has rung,was B.was ringing,is C.had rung,was D.rang,has been 12.Do you have his telephon
