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1、Pretrito ImperfectoUses The imperfect tense (el pretrito imperfecto) is one of the several past tenses in Spanish. It is used mainly to describe past habitual actions or to set the scene in the past, what a person “used to” do or “was” doing. Verbs in -ar To conjugate regular -ar verbs in the imperf
2、ect, simply drop the ending (-ar) and add one of the following: HABLAR -abahablaba -abashablabas -abahablaba -bamoshablbamos -abaishablabais -abanhablabanVerbs in er, -ir To conjugate regular -er and -ir verbs in the imperfect, simply drop the ending (-er or -ir) and add one of the following: COMERV
3、IVIR -acomaviva -ascomasvivas -acomaviva -amoscomamosvivamos -aiscomaisvivais -ancomanvivanIrregular verbs Good news! There are only three irregular verbs in the imperfect. You must simply memorize them.SERIRVER eraibavea erasibasveas eraibavea ramosbamosveamos eraisibaisveais eranibanvean Since the
4、 1st person and 3rd person singular have the same conjugation endings, context and subject pronouns will indicate the subject if it is ambiguous.-Yo caminaba por el parque cada domingo. I walked through the park every Sunday. -Mi abuela caminaba por el parque cada sbado. My grandmother walked throug
5、h the park every Saturday. -Yo tena un perro. I used to have a dog. -Mi vecino tena un perro. My neighbor used to have a dog.Actions not completed Generally speaking, the imperfect is used for actions in the past that are not seen as completed. Use of the imperfect tense implies that the past action
6、 did not have a definite beginning or a definite end. - Las chicas hablaban en ingls. - The girls used to speak in English. (no definite beginning or end)Actions repeated habitually The imperfect is used for actions that were repeated habitually.-Almorzbamos juntos todos los das. We would lunch toge
7、ther every day.-Las seoras siempre charlaban por las maanas. The ladies would always chat in the mornings.Set the stage for another action The imperfect is used for actions that “set the stage“ for another action. -Estaba durmiendo cuando el telfono son. I was sleeping when the telephone rang. -l es
8、taba cocinando la cena cuando llegu a su casa. -He was cooking dinner when I arrived at his house. -Yo lea cuando entr mi pap. I was reading when my dad entered. Note that “son, llegu, entr“ is pretrito indefinido. The imperfecto verb is interrupted by a pretrito indefinido verb.Time and age The imp
9、erfect is used for telling time and stating ones age in the past.-Eran las siete de la noche. It was seven oclock at night. -La nia tena cinco aos. The little girl was five years old. -Era jueves, el 9 de mayo. It was Thursday, the 9th of May.Mental state and physical sensations One does not normall
10、y think of a general mental state or physical sensations as having a definite beginning or end, and so they are usually expressed in the imperfect.-Ramn tena miedo de hablar en pblico. Ramn was afraid to speak in public. -Me senta feliz con mi trabajo nuevo. I was happy with my new job. -Quera mudar
11、me a otro pas. I wanted to move to another country.Describing people and things The imperfect is used to describe how things were like. Use the imperfect when describing the characteristics of people, things or conditions (in the past). -Mi profesor era alto y tena el pelo ondulado. My teacher was t
12、all and had wavy hair. -Era una seorita muy guapa. She was a beautiful young lady. -Haca calor esa noche. It was hot that night. -La casa era blanca. The house was white.Ejemplos La familia Jimnez viva en Madrid.The Jimnez family lived in Madrid. Luis siempre beba demasiado vino.Luis always drank to
13、o much wine. Nunca entenda lo que me decan.I never understood what they were saying to me. Juan y yo nos queramos mucho.Juan and I loved each other very much. Te esperbamos en la estacin.We were waiting for you at the station.Ejemplos 2 Era un da estupendo y haca un tiempo magnfico. It was a wonderf
14、ul day and the weather was magnificent. No veamos nada. We couldnt see anything. Nunca bamos al cine cuando yo era joven. We never went to the cinema when I was young. Juan trabajaba en una fbrica. Juan worked (used to work/was working) in a factory. Yo cantaba en el coro. I sang (used to sing/was s
15、inging) in the choir. Los chicos bailaban en la discoteca. The boys danced (were dancing/used to dance) in the disco.Past continous tense You already know that the verb “estar” can be used with the gerund to form the present continuous tense. -Yo estoy comiendo con mis amigos Im having lunch with my friends Similarly the imperfect tense of estar can be used with the gerund to form the past continuous tense: -Estaba esperando el autobs. I was waiting for the bus. -Estbamos comiendo. We were eating.
