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1、Visual navaids on aerodrome Visual navaids on aerodrome ( ()-lighting systems)-lighting systems General requirements General requirementsnLights which may endanger the safety of aircraft endurance of temperaturenLights intensity1) adequate intensity not shielded by objects in significant directions;
2、 not dazzle a pilot approaching to land.3) Color and form of shining:Q colored flashes (at land:green;at water: yellow) Q alternating with white flashes or white flashes only 4)direction:at all angles of azimuthnAerodrome identification beacon1) using period: at night2) location: on or adjacent to t
3、he aerodrome in an area of low ambient background lighting3)orientation: (if the aerodrome is at land)at all angles of azimuth 4) color: Q at a land :flashing green Q at water: flashing yellow5)transmition:the International Morse Code 莫尔斯代码 Approach lighting system Approach lighting systemSimple app
4、roach lighting systemSimple approach lighting systemprecision approach precision approach categorycategorylighting systemlighting systemprecision approach precision approach categorycategory to serve a non-precision approach RWY2)should; to serve a non-precision approach RWY; code number is 3 or 4;a
5、t night2 location and composition :Spacing: 14m3 characteristics of simple approach system1) Fixed lights/Distinguishable from other lights2) Sequence flashing lights3) Requirements for a non-instrument RWY: Q on base and final leg /at all angles in azimuth4) Requirements for a non-precision RWY: Q
6、on final approach /at all angles in azimuthnprecision approach categorylighting systemCAT 1 NORMAL OACI900m150m150m150mRunway threshold identification lights (Flashing lights) Precision approach category 1 DH= 60m or RVR 800m crossbar横排灯Longitudinal intervals:30mcharacteristics Q Centre line outermo
7、st part innermost part;operate independently) n precision approach category 300m alternated lightsand 300m red lights Runway touchdownzone lightsNo runway lead-in lighting systems during cat. II operations (flashing lights may blind the pilot)5.55.5crossbarSide row barrette (extend 270m) 侧边灯Longitud
8、inal intervals:30mcharacteristicsnBarrette: variable white (first 300m from the threshold); length(=4m);intervals(=1.5m)nCrossbar: fixed variable white; intervals(=2.7m)nTwo kinds of composition of each center line lights beyond 300m from the threshold:Q a barrette (capacitor discharge light;twice a
9、 second in sequence) /Qtwo light sources in the central 300m of center line, three light sources in the outer 300m of center lineQSide row lights (barrette): redvisual approach slope indicator visual approach slope indicator system system 目视下滑道坡度指示系统目视下滑道坡度指示系统Purpose :to serve approachConditions of
10、 using itQ similar approach guidance requirementsQ pilot have difficulty in judging the approachQ the presence of objectsQ physical conditions (undershooting or overrunning)Q terrain or meteorological conditions3-BAR VASIS in upwind and downwind position; symmetrically; two pairs of wing bars(翼排灯) 2
11、 arrangement a white color in its upper part; a red color in its lower partDownwind lightUpwind lightApproach direction3 other requirements:nIn a horizontal line substantially/ as low as possible/ be sufficiently light wing bar; fly-up units低飞指示灯 高飞指示灯n PAPI Precision approach path indicator 精密进近航径指
12、示系统1 composition:a wing bar of 4 sharp transition multi-lamp( or paired single lamp) units; equally spaced2 visual roll guidance:+ a second wing bar on the opposite side of RWY3 arrangement and operation: runway lights runway lightsRunway threshold identification lightsRunway edge lightsRunway end l
13、ightslightslocationcolorfunctionThreshold Threshold identification identification lightslightsIn line with threshold ; symmetricalFlashing whiteIdentify the thresholdRunway Runway edge lightsedge lightsAlong RWY;ditance to edges3mGeneral Fixed lights variable whiteUse at night; identify RWY edgesThr
14、eshold Threshold green Where the threshold is displaced; to add conspicuitylightslocationcolorfunction RWY end RWY end lightslightsvertical to RWY;at the end; 3m outside the endfixed unidirectional ; redIdentify the end( may overlap the thresholds)RWY centre RWY centre line lightsline lightsGeneral
15、along the full centre linethreshold900m of end: variable white 900m300m:red variable white 300mend:redIdentify center line to high speed or big aircraft RWY RWY touchdown touchdown zone lightszone lightsExtend longitudinally from the threshold for 900m fixed unidirectional variable whitefor precision approach categoryor lightslocationcolorfunctionRapid exit Rapid exit taxiway taxiway indicator indicator lightslightsOn RWY on the same side of RWY centre linefixed unidirectional yellowA distance-to- go information for pilot; make su
