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1、American HistoryAmerican History I. America in the Colonial Era II. The American War of Independence III. The American Civil War IV. America in the 20th Century V. America in the 21st CenturyColonization of North America(1607-1776) Indians1The discovery of America2Early Colonial Era 3Indians: The “f
2、irst Americans”The Discovery of the New WorldAmerigo VespucciChristopher ColumbusDiscovery of The New World In 1492, Christopher Columbus, an Italian navigator, sailed across the vast ocean under the Spanish flag and discovered an unknown new continent, but he mistook it for India.Why did the early
3、settlers come to America? Opportunity It drew English merchants who dreamed of establishing great new estates out of the wildness. It drew carpenters, bakers, tailors and other skilled workmen who could not find job in England. It drew the poor and the homeless from farmlands and villages. It drew m
4、any English in search of religious freedom.In 1620, a tiny ship called the “May flower” sailed from England for the New world, with 102 passengers. 50% were Pilgrims. Landed in what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts. Pilgrim FathersThe Puritans The Puritans were wealthy, well-educated gentlemen. They w
5、anted to purify the Church of England and threatened with religious persecution, the Puritans leaders saw the New world as the a refuge provided by God for those He meant to save.The Founding of the 13 Colonies The first English colony in America was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607; known as
6、 the mother state Between 1607 and 1733 the British established 13 colonies along the east coast of North America. Relations of American Indians with European settlers friendship hostility American Indians helped the early Europeans to survive The first Thanksgiving in North America. American Indian
7、s were killed and driven to mountainous and barren areas known as Indian Reservations, as a result of interests in land and cultural conflictsColonial period The colonists were building a new way of life in the New World. There were a number of features which would play a role in forming the America
8、n character. They were ：representative form of government, rule of law, respect of individual rights, religious tolerance宗教上的宽容 and a strong spirit of individual enterprise.Stamp Act 印花税，是税的一种，是对合同、凭证、 书据、账簿及权利许可证等文件征收的税种 。纳税人通过在文件上加贴印花税票，或者 盖章来履行纳税义务。Tea Act The British government allowed the compa
9、ny to sell tea at lower price in the colonies through its own people. This took away the tea business from American tea merchants.The American War of Independence What were the causes of the War of Independence? Britains colonial policy The economy in the 13 colonies developed very fast The British
10、government was to bring the development under control and to collect more taxes from the colonies. “No taxation without representation” ( 无代表， 不纳税）How was the War of Independence started? The “Boston Tea Party” In 1773, when ships of tea reached Boston to be distributed, several dozen Boston residen
11、ts boarded the ship at night and threw $75,000 worth of tea into the harbor. This came to be known as the “Boston Tea Party”. The start of the war In 1775, about 1,000 British soldiers were sent from Boston to seize the military supplies of the American militia. When they arrived at Lexington they w
12、ere met by the armed militiamen. Suddenly a shot was fired and the War of Independence began. Where theres oppression, theres revolution.BostonThe Battle of Lexington ( 1775 )The first shots starting the revolutionThe first Continental Congress 1774 Date: September 1774 Place: Philadelphia Delegates
13、: from 12 colonies except Georgia Result: passed Declaration of Rights and GrievancesThe second Continental Congress 1775Date: May, 1775Place: PhiladelphiaResult: The Congress founded a Continental Army under the command of George Washington. The Declaration of Independence Declaration of Independen
14、ceOn July 4, 1776, the Congress formally declared the independence The Declaration states: “We hold these truths to self- evident: That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness;
15、 that to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, ”Thomas Jefferson“我们认为下述真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物
16、主赋 予他们若干不可让与的权力，其中包括生存权、自由权和追求幸福的权 力。为了保障这些权利，人类才在他们中间建立政府，而政府的正当权 力则是经被统治者同意所授予的。任何形式的政府一旦对这些目标的实 现起破坏作用时，人民便有权予以更换或废除”2.3 Declaration of Independence On July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed. Q.What does the Q.What does the Declaration Declaration of Independence of Independence tell us? tell us? A:A: It tells of the theory of politics, w
