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1、被被 动动 语语 态态 详详 解解( (一一) ) 语语 态态 分分 类类英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的 承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被 动，而英语用：助动词助动词be + be + 及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词构成。 更多资源 ( (二二) ) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化被动语态的时态
2、、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以givegive 为例，列表如下：一般现在时：am / is / are + given 一般过去时：was / were +given 一般将来时：shall / will + given 一般过去将来时：should / would + given 现在进行时：am / is / are + being + given过去进行时：was / were + being + given 现在完成时：have / has + been + given过去完成时：had + been + given 将来完成时：sha
3、ll / will + have been + given过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + given注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。 ( (三三) )被动语态常用的八种时态被动语态常用的八种时态1. 一般现在时： People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. The school doe
4、snt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We We are are not not allowed allowed to to enter enter the the chemistry chemistry lab lab without without a a teacher. teacher. 2. 一般过去时：They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factory was agr
5、eed on last month. The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. The students didnt forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten. His lessons were not easily forgotten. 3. 一般将来时： They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. Cars will be sent a
6、broad by sea. They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. 4. 过去将来时：The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The The manager manager said said the the project project w
7、ould would be be completed completed by by the the end of the year. end of the year. The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. The The workers workers told told me me that that the the car car would would be be mended mended as as soon soon as possible. as possible. 5. 现在进行时：
8、The radio is broadcasting English lessons.English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio. English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio. We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being painted. The rooms are being painted. 6. 过去进行时： Why didnt they drive there on time? Because the workers wer
9、e mending the road. Because the road was being mended. Because the road was being mended. This time last year we were planting trees here. Trees were being planted here this time last year. Trees were being planted here this time last year. 7. 现在完成时： Someone has told me the sports meet might be put
10、off.the sports meet might be put off. I have been told the sports meet might be put off. I have been told the sports meet might be put off. We have brought down the price. The price has been brought down. The price has been brought down. 8. 过去完成时： When I got to the theatre, I found they they had had
11、 already already sold sold outout the tickets. the tickets. When When I I got got to to the the theatre, theatre, I I found found the the tickets tickets had had already already been sold out. been sold out. The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; People People had consideredhad con
12、sidered him to be a great leader. him to be a great leader. He He had been consideredhad been considered to be a great leader. to be a great leader. 9. 含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去 分词”构成。 You must hand in your compositions after class. Your compositions Your compositions must be hande
13、d inmust be handed in after class. after class. He can write a great many letters with the computer. A great many letters A great many letters can be writtencan be written with the computer by with the computer by him. him. ( (四四) ) 被被 动动 语语 态态 的的 使使 用用1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时 往往不用by 短语。 “ “Mr
14、. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class. ”Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class. ”(只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的)。 2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。 These records were made by John Denver. These records were made by John Denver. The cup was broken by Paul. The cup was b
15、roken by Paul. 3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时 ，这时常用in + 名词作状语，而代替 by 短语。 These cars were made in China. These cars were made in China. 15, 000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory. 15, 000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory. ( (五五) )主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变被动语态的方法（1） My aunt i
16、nvited me to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 （2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers. A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school. 1.1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 2.2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的bebe + + 过去分词过去分
