云南植被简介Yunnan Vegetation 云南大学 生命科学学院 生态学与地植物学研究所 彭明春12云南植被分类系统• 植被型组• 植被型 — 高级单位• 植被亚型–群系组–群系 — 中级单位–亚群系• 群丛组• 群丛 — 基本单位• 亚群丛3云南植被类型(植被型)• 雨林• 季雨林• 常绿阔叶林• 硬叶常绿阔叶林• 落叶阔叶林• 暖性针叶林• 温性针叶林• 竹林：热性竹林• 稀树灌木草丛• 灌丛• 草甸• 湖泊水生植被4雨 林• 湿润雨林–云南龙脑香、毛坡垒、四数木• 季节雨林–娑罗双、千果榄仁、番龙眼、大药树、龙果、望天 树• 山地雨林–野橡胶、山桂花、肉托果、滇楠、滇木花生5季雨林• 半常绿季雨林– 高榕、麻楝、铁力木、铁刀木• 落叶季雨林– 木棉、楹树、马蹄果、东京枫杨、柚木、白花 羊蹄甲• 石山季雨林– 多花白头树、越南榆6常绿阔叶林• 季风常绿阔叶林– 刺栲、印栲、小果栲、罗浮栲、栲树、炭栎、青冈、截果石栎 • 半湿润常绿阔叶林– 滇青冈、黄毛青冈、高山栲、元江栲、滇石栎 • 中山湿性常绿阔叶林– 石栎(壶斗、刺头、水仙、木果、包斗、多变)、青冈栎、蛾眉 栲 • 山地苔藓常绿阔叶林– 樟、茶、木兰 • 山顶苔藓矮林– 杜鹃、乌饭7硬叶常绿阔叶林• 寒温山地硬叶常绿阔叶林– 黄背栎、帽斗栎、川滇高山栎• 干热河谷硬叶常绿阔叶林– 铁橡栎、锥连栎、光叶高山栎8落叶阔叶林– 落叶栎林：槲栎、麻栎、栓皮栎– 旱冬瓜林– 杨、桦林– 枫香林– 楸木林9暖性针叶林• 暖温性针叶林– 云南松、华山松、滇油杉、冲天柏、秃杉、杉木• 暖热性针叶林– 思茅松、翠柏10温性针叶林• 温凉性针叶林– 云南铁杉、高山松、曲枝圆柏、滇藏方枝柏• 寒温性针叶林– 云杉、冷杉、大果红杉11稀树灌木草丛• 干热性稀树灌木草丛– 山黄麻、余甘子、车桑子、扭黄茅• 热性稀树灌木草丛– 黄牛木、羊蹄甲、红木荷、千张纸、高榕• 暖热性稀树灌木草丛– 季风常绿阔叶林树种• 暖温性稀树灌木草丛– 云南松、华山松、珍珠花、矮高山栎12灌 丛• 寒温性灌丛– 杜鹃、柳、锦鸡儿、圆柏、高山栎、沙棘• 暖性石灰岩灌丛– 铁仔、竹叶椒、叶下珠• 干热灌丛– 白刺花、黄栌、山蚂蝗、黄荆、仙人掌• 热性灌丛– 水杨柳 13草 甸• 亚高山草甸：禾草/冷箭竹-禾草/杂草• 亚高山沼泽草甸：莎草/杂草• 高山草甸：嵩草/杂草• 高山流石滩疏生草甸：风毛菊/垂头菊14湖泊水生植被• 挺水植物群落及沼泽植被– 芦苇、菖蒲、慈姑、节节菜• 漂浮植物群落– 水葫芦、满江红、槐叶萍• 浮叶植物群落– 水膏药、鸭子草• 沉水植物群落– 金鱼藻、狐尾藻、眼子菜、海菜花、苦草 15The Main Vegetation Types• Tropical Vegetation• Subtropical Broad-leaved Forest• Subtropical Coniferous Forests and TheirSecondary Shrub-grassland Vegetation • Alpine and Subalpine Forest Vegetation• Alpine and Subalpine Scrubs and Meadows• Dry Valley Vegetation• Aquatic Vegetation16Tropical Vegetation1718Classification• Seasonal Rain Forest• Monsoon Forest• Montane Rain Forest• Tropical Bamboo Forest• Riparian Vegetation• Secondary Vegetation192021222324Riparian vegetation refers to a kind of community organization distributed along river sides owing to the impact of seasonal floods, which is completely different from that appearing on hillsides or on level land; it usually consists of riparian scrubs and riparian forests. Riparian Vegetation2526Subtropical Broad-leaved Forest27Subtropical Broad-leaved ForestsSubtropical Broad-leaved Forest28Classification• Monsoon Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest• Semi-humid Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest• Mountainous Humid Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest• Mountainous Mossy Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest• Deciduous Broad-leaved Forest 293031323334The subtropical deciduous broad- leaved forest distributes vastly but relatively oddly and includes oak trees of Quercus acutissima and Q. variabilis, alder trees Alnus nepalensis, deciduous broad-leaved trees of Populus and Betula, deciduous forest of Liquidamber formosana and Catalpa fargesis f. duclouxii, etc. It has obviously seasonal change in a year. The leaves of upperstorey trees fall in the winter.Deciduous Broad-leaved Forest 3536Subtropical Coniferous Forests and Their Secondary Shrub- grassland Vegetation37Classification• Pinus Kesiya var. langbianensis Forests• Pinus Yunanensis Forests• Pinus armandi Forests• The Mountainous Cypress Forests• Other Subtropical Coniferous Forests• Subtropical Secondary Vegetation3839404142434445Alpine and Subalpine Forest Vegetation46Classification• Tsuga Coniferous Broad-leaved Mixed Forests• Picea Forest• Abies Forest• Larix Forest• Other Alpine Forest47484950Larix Forests5152Alpine and Subalpine Scrubs and Meadows53Classification• Alpine Rhododendron Scrubs• Other Alpine Scrubs• Alpine Meadows• Swamp Meadows and MeadowsInterspersed Among Forest• Alpine Talus Desert Vegetation545556575859Dry Valley Vegetation60Dry Valley Vegetation• Shrub-Grassland Savanna• Succulent Thorn Shrub• Small-leaved Shrub in Temperate Dry Valleys 6162636465AquaticVegetation6667Aquatic Vegetation• Emerging Plant Community• Floating Plant Community• Submerged Plant Community 68697071727374Thank you!75。