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1、高三英语专题复习英语阅读理解技巧系列- 猜测词义高考阅读理解题的基本题型 事 实 细 节 题 主 旨 大 意 题 推 理 判 断 题 猜 测 词 义 题猜 测 词 义 题 常用设问形式1.The underlined word.refers to (means) _. 2.Which of the following words can take the place of the word.? 3.What is the meaning of.as the words are used in the text? 4.Which of the following has the closest
2、meaning to.(paragraph.)? 一一. . 根据根据上下文上下文解释做出判断解释做出判断猜测任何词义都离不开猜测任何词义都离不开上下文的语境上下文的语境, , 所以可借助上下文语境所以可借助上下文语境 对需要猜测的词对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。 其方法主要是根据文中的其方法主要是根据文中的定义、解释定义、解释、事例，重复信息、事例，重复信息以及我们的经验和常识以及我们的经验和常识来猜生词来猜生词 1. 同义法：通常在词或短语之间有并列连词 and 或 or，这些词或短语在句中作相同的成分 ，并且 and 或 or 连接的两项内容在含义上是
3、 接近的或递进的, 由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推知它的大致词义。The doctor is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye 青光眼 详见hand-out 例 、例 2. 反义法：利用反义词说明生词的意义。如反义词 hot and cold, give and receive, perfect and imperfect, 甚至前、后句为肯定与否定、或是与不是等，在句中词与词之间，在段落内句子与句子之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。详见例 3. 释义法：在文中的字里行间，对生词以 定语(从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号
4、等 标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。Mr. Smith always arrives home punctually, neither early nor late按时地The harbor is protected by a jettya wall built out into the water 防洪堤详见hand-out 例4. 情景推断法：猜测任何词义都离不开文 章的语言情景，词义可以从上下文的具体 语言环境中推断出来。The old man put on his spectacles and began to read The door was so low that I hit
5、the head on the lintel 眼镜（门窗的）梁详见hand-out 例、例、例二二. . 根据上下文的指代关系进行选择根据上下文的指代关系进行选择文章中的代词 it，that，one, he，him 或 them 可以指上文提到的人或物，其中 it 和 that 还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；也有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。 详见hand-out 例、例In 1901, H.C. Wells, an English writer, wrote a book In 1901, H.C. Wells, an English wr
6、iter, wrote a book describing a trip to the moon. When the explorers describing a trip to the moon. When the explorers landed on the moon, they discovered that the moon was landed on the moon, they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities. They expressed their full of underground citi
7、es. They expressed their surprise to the “moon people” they met. In turn, the surprise to the “moon people” they met. In turn, the “moon people” expressed their surprise. “Why,” they “moon people” expressed their surprise. “Why,” they asked, “are you traveling to outer space when you asked, “are you
8、 traveling to outer space when you dont even use your inner space?” dont even use your inner space?” However However，the question that “ moon people“ asked the question that “ moon people“ asked is still an interesting oneis still an interesting oneA growing number of A growing number of scientists
9、are seriously thinking aboutscientists are seriously thinking about it it57. What does the underlined word “ it ” refer to？ ADiscovering the moons inner space BUsing the earths inner space CMeeting the “moon people“ again DTraveling to outer space 三根据同位关系进行判断：三根据同位关系进行判断：阅读中出现一些难词，有时后面就是一个同位 语或意思相近的
10、词语/句子，用来对前面的词进行 解释，这种解释有时也用连词“or/and”连接。 1). , and other Germanic and Nordic peoples, who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon (or Old English), a Germanic language.2). The “Chunnel“，a tunnel（隧道）connecting England and France，is now complete. 详见hand-out 例、11四四. . 根据转折、对比或因果关系进行判断根据转折、对比或因果关系进行判断根据上下句的连
11、接词，如：根据上下句的连接词，如：butbut，howeverhowever，otherwise , so, otherwise , so, therefore therefore 等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。 1). He has been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated. 2). Biggest power failure in the citys history As a
12、 result, all of our ice-cream and frozen foods melted. 恶化详见hand-out 例12、135. 5. 根据构词法进行判断根据构词法进行判断英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，后面加 后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是 生词，但掌握了一定的构词法知识，就不难猜出它的词义。 （NMET2002，B篇）Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences
13、- but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete 猜测熟词新含义猜测熟词新含义The major market force rests in the growing population of white collarwhite collar employees，who can afford the new servi“It was the best night we had ever had”, said Angela Carraro, who runsruns an Italian restaurant.When men
14、lived by hunting 50,000 years ago，how could they even begin to picture modern life?猜测熟词的新词义，关键应在理解原词的基础上，分析它的新词性，并结合原词含义发挥合理想象，从而概括抽 象出它的新词义。这就要求具有较较强的语语境分析能力和 较宽较宽 的知识识面。 归纳 常用的猜词技巧1、根据上下文语境进行猜测2、根据指代关系进行猜测3、根据同位或同义关系进行猜测4、根据转折或对比关系进行猜测5、根据构词法进行猜测Assignment1.Review all the skills we have learned in todays lesson 2.Finish all the exercise on your handout.
