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1、Company LOGO四级考试语法辅导虚拟语气 v 语气定义 v 一般说来，在英语中，随着说话人的意图不同，动词需要 不同的形式，称为语气。英语中共有三种语气： v 陈述语气陈述事实 v 祈使语气提出请求、命令 v 虚拟语气表示主观愿望和假设虚拟的情况 v 虚拟语气一般用于条件句中，但条件句也分为真实条件句 和虚拟条件句。虚拟语气当然要用在虚拟条件句中。 v If he has time, he will come. (真实条件句) v If I were you, I would reconsider their proposal.（虚拟条件句）Normal University从句主句与
2、现在事实相反 一般过去时 Should/would/ could/might+v 与过去事实相反 过去完成时 Should/would/ could/might+have done 与将来事实相反 一般过去时 were to +v should/would+ v Should/would/ could/might+v Normal Universityv对应例句： vIf we left now, we should arrive there in good time. vIf you had attended the meeting yesterday, you would have got
3、 a present. vIf I were to be the president, I would appoint you as minister. Normal Universityv三、倒装句 v虚拟条件从句中，若含有had, should, could, were这几个词中的一个，则句子可实行倒装（也可 不倒装），这几个词放在句首： vHad you attended the meeting yesterday, you would have got a present. v四、错综时间条件句（条件从句和主句的时间发生 错位） vIf the weather had been mor
4、e favorable last year, the crops would be growing better. vIf I had not saved you then, you would not sit here peacefully.Normal Universityv 五、含蓄条件句 v 假设的情况不用条件从句，而是用介词短语或上下文及其它 方式表现出来 v What would you do with one million dollars? v Without music, the world would be a dull place. v We could have don
5、e better under more favorable conditions. v He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy. v He was ill that day. Otherwise he would have taken part in the parade. v Who but a fool would believe that?Normal Universityv 六、虚拟语气在从句中的应用 v 在下面所列从句中，一般需使用虚拟语气： v 1.在wish后的宾语从句中 v 与现在事实相反 一般过去时
6、 v 与过去事实相反 过去完成时 v 与将来情况相反 过去将来时/一般过去时 v I wish I were as strong as you. v We wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation. v I wish you could stay a little longer. v 2.在suggest, order, demand, propose, arrange, require, command, request, desire, insist等词后 的宾语从句中。 v 形式：(should) +v原形， should
7、可以省略Normal Universityv 3.在主语从句中 v It is(was) desired that , it is(was) suggested that , it is(was) requested that, it is(was) ordered that, it is(was) proposed that, it is/was/has been decided that, v it is necessary that, it is advisable that, it is important that, v 形式：(should) +v原形，should 可以省略 v
8、4.suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendations, plan, idea 等后的表语从句或同位 语从句中 v 形式：(should) +v原形，should 可以省略 v My suggestion is that we (should) send a few people to help the other groups. v He expresses the idea that he would go abroad.Normal Universityv5.expect, believe, think, suspect 否定或疑 问
9、形式后的从句中 v形式：(should) +v原形，should 可以省略 v6. it is a pity, it is a shame, it is incredible, it is strange, it is no wonder, 等主语从句中 vIt is a great pity that he should be so conceited. v形式：(should) +v原形，should 可以省略 v7.I am sorry, we were surprised, they were disappointed, 等状语从句 v形式：(should) +v原形，should 可
10、以省略Normal Universityv8.as if , as though 所引导的从句与wish后的 宾语从句相同 vHe talks as if he was a boss. v9.in order that, so that后的从句中 v形式：may/might+v, 口语中：can /could +v vI live so that others may live better. v10.lest, for fear that, in case后的从句中 vHe took his raincoat with him lest it should rain. vHere is so
11、me money in case you should need it. v形式：(should) +v原形，should 可以省略Normal Universityv 11.whoever, whatever, no matter what后的从句 中 v 形式：may +v, may +have done v whatever defects he may have, he is an honest man. v Whatever he may have done, he is for all of us. v 12.it is time that, it is high time tha
12、t, 后的从句中 v 形式：一般过去时 v It is time that we went to school. v It is time that we left. v 13.if only后的惊叹句中（虚拟形式与wish后的宾语从句 中相同） v If only I had listened to your advice.Normal University现在分词过去分词表语The news is exciting.We were excited to hear it. 定语He is an interesting man.Interested members will meet at t
13、wo.状语Taking a dictionary, she began to prepare her lessons.Taken separately, the problems are not difficult to solve.宾补I heard someone opening the door.I heard the door opened.Normal Universityv 总结：作状语和宾语补足语时，不管是现在分词还是过去分 词，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。 v 一、现在分词和过去分词的差异 v 1、作表语和定语时，现在分词表示“某人或某物具有令人 的特征”，如上面的例子。而过去分词
14、表示“人对某物或某人 具有的感觉”，如上面的例子。 v 2、作状语和宾语补足语时，现在分词表示主动或正在进行， 而过去分词表示被动或完成。 v 句子练习： v 我喊着从屋子里跑出来。 v I ran out of the house shouting. v 建于1192年的这座桥，已经有800多年了。 v Built in1192, the bridge is over 800 years. Normal Universityv 垂悬分词一般来说，现在分词在作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。但也有 例外：Searching along the deck, it had taken him
15、 some time to find a doctor. v Walking or sleeping, this subject was always in my mind. v 这种情况一般不会发生歧义，但我们不要使用，以免发生误解。 v 另外，有些现在分词表示说话人对所说的话的一种态度，它们已经变成固定的词 组了，可以看作是句子的一种独立成分，而不必去考虑其逻辑主语是否与句子主 语一致。这些结构如下： v Generally speaking v strictly speaking, v Judging by/from v Talking of, v Allowing for v Cons
16、idering v Counting v Assuming v Supposing v Barring v 例句： v Generally speaking, the government should serve the people. v His study, judging by the crumbs on the carpet, was also his dinning room. Normal Universityv 独立主格结构 v 指独立于句子之外，又有自己的主语的非句子结构，一般来 说，它们在句子中作状语。独立主格结构分三种情况： v 1、主语+现在分词 v The monitor being ill, wed better put the meeting off. v The question being settled, we went home. v
