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1、 一. 简单句简单句 英语句子只有 6 个组成部分:主语,谓语,宾语,宾补,状语,定语.也叫做 6 种句子成份. 一，句子成份： A 主语：句子说明的主体和对象, 通常位于句首. S.My father likes to go on the Internet. B 谓语：用于说明主语的动作,状态,身份,特征等内容,一般紧跟主语后面.谓语有两种:动词型谓语(由 14 个动词构成)和系表型谓语(系动词 be 加表语) V. / Lv.动词型:Tom is running outside. 系表型:Jane is very quiet.C 宾语：表示谓语动作涉及的对象,通常位于谓语或介词之后.O.I
2、 will write 100 books. Most of the students including the newcomer were late for the class. D 宾补：补充说明宾语的动作,状态,身份,特征等内容.通常位于宾语的后面.OC.My aunt asked me to call you. With his hands tied, he could not move. E 状语：修饰说明谓语的成分,说明谓语动作的时间,地点,速度,方式,程度,手段等内容,大多数时候位于句 尾,少数时候位于谓语前.Adv.The girl is walking slowly. Ti
3、red but happy, the boys went home. F 定语：修饰名词(代词,数词,-ing 式)的一种辅助成分,限定名词的性质,特征,数量,状态,类别等内容.定语 有些放在被修饰的名词前,有些放在被修饰名词后,放在前边的叫前置定语,放在后边的叫后置定语.Att.Two maps. Two large new maps Two large new maps of the world. 注意: 句子的核心是”主语+谓语”,其他都是补充说明的辅助成分. 句型：A 主谓宾结构： 1、主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如 boy） ，主格代词（如 you） ，数词，动词不定式，动名词,
4、主语 从句等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！The boy comes from America He made a speech. Two and two is four.To be a teacher is my dream. Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story.That Beijing will host the Olympics is an honour for every Chinese.= It is an honour for every Chinese That Beijing wi
5、ll host the Olympics.1）_ he is supposed to win the golden medal turned out to be a great pressure.A. What B. That C. Why D. How2) _ the ball in the palace brought great honour to an office worker in the government.A. Attending B. To attend C. His attending D. To be attended3) The only 2 universities
6、 _ are considered as top universities in Beijing rank No. 10 to 20 in the whole world.A. where B. which C. that D. what 2、谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。谓语可以 是不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，We come. Many changes took place in my home town. 4) Nothing _ to me though I came late to class again.A. happen B. w
7、as happened C. was happening D. will happen 5) We come. We _ and we _!A. see; conquer B. sees; conquer C. see; conquers D. seeing; conquering 3、宾语：宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须 是代词宾格，如：me，him，them 等。除了代词宾格可以作宾语外，名词，动名词，不定式，宾语从句等可以作宾语。 I will do it tomorrow. The boy needs a pen. I like swimming.
8、I like to swim this afternoon. We all hope that China will win the most gold medals. 6) He meant _ the boss to give up the investment, but was turned a deaf ear to.A. to advise B. advising C. to suggest D. suggesting 7) No one knows for sure _.A. where we will be this time next year B. Where will we
9、 be this time next yearC. where we would be this time next year D. Where would we be this time next year 8) Tom Hanks is such a popular actor _ we all like him.A. as B. that C. who D. whom B 主系表结构： 1、主语：同主谓宾结构。 2、谓语：联系动词（Link verb)： be 动词 am, is, are, was, were, have been； 其他联系动词如：become，turn, go, g
10、row, fall; 感官动词如：feel, sound, look, smell, taste; 状态动词如：remain, stay, keep, seem, appear 9) The hot weather, as is forecast, _ for several weeks.A. will be staying B. will stay C. will remain D. will be remained 10) Its easier for children to _ ill in summer than in Winter.A. turn B. grow C. fall D.
11、 feel 3、表语：说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。 Tom is a boy. He became a teacher at last. His face turned red.He looks well. It sounds nice. I fell ill last night. The egg remains good for 2 weeks.11) Fortunately, he was still _, though buried in the ruins for more than 5 days.A. alive B. living C.
12、live D. lively12) He _ the table which _ smooth.A. felt; felt B. felt; was feeling C. feels; feel D. is felt; is feeling C There be 结构： There be 表示存在有。这里的 there 没有实际意义，不可与副词there 那里混淆。 There was a boy there. There seems to be no sense in doing so. 13) There _ no hope for them to get across the river
13、 with the bridge destroyed.A. is B. are C. was D. has been 14) There _ two trees at the entrance to the school.A. used to have B. seems to have C. stand D. lie 15) There must have been some hardship behind those eyes, _?A. mustnt there B. isnt it C. wasnt there D. hasnt it 三，句子结构常考点： A 定语：定语是对名词或代词起
14、修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的 表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰 some, any, every, no 构成的复合不定代词时， （如：something、nothing） ；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。 副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。（一）形容词作定语： The little boy needs a blue pen. （二）数词作定语相当于形容词：Two boys need two pens. （三）形容词性物主代词或名词所有格作定语：His boy needs Toms pen. There are two boys of Toms t
15、here. （四）介词短语作定语： The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.The boy in blue is Tom. There are two boys of 9,and three of 10. （五）名词作定语：The boy needs a ball pen. （六）副词作定语：（后置）The boy there needs a pen. (七) 不定式作定语：The boy to write this letter needs a pen.(八) 分词（短语）作定语：The smiling boy needs a pen bo
16、ught by his mother.（九）定语从句：The boy who is reading needs a pen. B、状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方 向、程度、目的等状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首； 修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调 时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost） 的副词状语通常位于 be 动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起
