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1、John KeatsOde to a Nightingale 夜莺颂 Ode on a Grecian Urn 希腊古瓮颂Date1John Keats (17951821) English lyric poet, the archetype of the Romantic writer considered one of the greatest of English poetsDate2Portrait of KeatslPortrait of John Keats in Rome, shortly before his death from tuberculosis(肺 结核) in F
2、ebruary 1821, by his friend Joseph Severn.Date3John Keats wrote:“I should not have consented to (赞成) these four months tramping in the highlandsbut that I thought it would give me more experience, rub off more prejudice, use me to more hardship, identify finer scenes, load me with grander(更雄伟的) moun
3、tains, and strengthen more my reach in poetry than would stopping at home among my books.” (August, 1818)mastery of form and depth of feeling Cockney School “伦敦派”，“伦敦腔”Date4Keatss early lifeborn in London as the son of a successful livery- stable manager. lthe oldest of four children, who remained d
4、eeply devoted to each other. leducated at the progressive Clarkes School in Enfield. Keats, who was barely five feet tall, was not known at school for his enthusiasm for books, but his fighting. l1811 was apprenticed to a surgeon-apothecary. While studying for the license, he completed his translati
5、on of Aeneid.(埃涅伊德，Virgil的叙事诗 ）Date5Keats Life Storyhumble stable keeperparents deathguardian bound 立约 a surgeoncontracted缔结 a love of poetryin 1817, a walking tour to the Lake Country and England, lyric poemsinterest in politics; concern for the miseriesof the poorDate6Keats Life Storytuberculosisg
6、rieves and troublesdeath of his loved brothermoney problemcruel criticism couldnt marrymaturity new aspectDate7John Keats Lifesummit of career18181820 Rome in 1820died in 1821 and buried in the Protestant cemetery墓地 Here lies one whose name is written in water.用水写成,形容生命 转眼即逝，一生充 满困苦和泪水。叹 人生短暂和艰辛。Dat
7、e8Keats House, RomelKeats and his friend Joseph Severn arrived in Rome in November 1820. lThey found lodgings in a house near the Spanish Steps. Keats rallied(重整旗鼓) a little at first, and was able to take gentle walks and rides, but by early December he was confined to bed, extremely ill with a high
8、 fever. lKeats died peacefully, clasping his friends hand, on 23 February 1821. Date9lHis literary careerlEdmund Spensers Faerie Queen impressed him deeply and his first poem, written in 1814, was “Lines in Imitation of Spenser.” lIn that year he moved to London and there he met Leigh Hunt, editor o
9、f the leading liberal magazine of the day, The Examiner. lHunt introduced Keats to other young Romantics, including Shelley, and published in the magazine Keatss sonnet, “O Solitude”. lKeatss first book, Poems, was published in 1817. Sales were poor.Date10lEndymion恩底弥翁(月神), Keatss first long poem ap
10、peared, when he was 21. It told in 4000 lines of the love of the moon goddess Cynthia for the young shepherd Endymion. It was attacked by critics at that time.lKeatss greatest works were written in the late 1810s, among them Lamia, The Eve of St. Agnes, the great odes and two versions of HyperionlHe
11、 spent summer of 1818 touring the Lakes, Scotland and Northern Ireland. During his journey, he vowed: “I shall learn poetry here and shall henceforth write more”. Date11Major literary works 1) Poems，诗集，his first book. （1）“O Solitude”, “孤寂”, a sonnet published in Hunts The Examiner检查官. （2)“On First L
12、ooking into Chapmans Homer”,“初读查普曼译荷马史诗”， a sonnet. （3） “Sleep and Poetry”, “睡与诗”optimism; beauty of Nature; praises of Life; loves of poetryDate12Major literary worksl2) Five long poemsEndymion,恩底弥翁 his first long poem Isabella 伊莎贝拉The Pot of Basil芳香的草本植物 The Eve of St. Agnes 圣爱格尼斯节前夕 Lamia 莱米亚 Hyp
13、erion 赫坡里昂Date13Major literary worksl 3. Short Poemsl (1) On a Grecian Urn，“希腊古 瓮颂”.(2) On the Grasshopper and the Cricket，“蛐蛐与蟋蟀”.(3) Bright Star “闪亮的星星”(4) When I have Fear”当我害怕的时 候”Date14(5) To Autumn，“秋颂”.(6) On Melancholy，“ 忧郁颂 ”.(7) To a Nightingale，“夜莺 颂”, the best known.作者面对痛苦的人生时复杂的心理以及他渴望
14、借助夜莺的美妙歌声和美酒之力步入一个理想 的境界，从而逃避现实的消极思想。Date15Critical reception of his poetry- not much read during his lifetime - harshly judged by critics - belief arose that negative criticism hastened his death (see Norton p. 767 for refutation of this theory) -Keats wrote to his brother George “I think I shall b
15、e among the English poets after my death“ - but wrote this for his own epitaph: “Here lies one whose name was writ in water“ - reputation (like Blakes) established by later VictoriansDate16Critical reception of his poetry- Tennyson considered him the greatest poet of the 19th C -the Victorian critic
16、 Arthur Hallam (editor and close friend of Tennyson) contrasted Keats and Shelley as poets of “sensation“ with Wordsworth as a poet of “reflection” - literary criticism at first echoed this judgment, focusing on the philosophical implications of Wordsworths writing, but limiting discussion of Keats to the aesthetic aspects of his poetry - Keats began to
