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1、 2002 IBM CorporationIBM SWG Enterprise Integration Solution面象服务的体系架构(SOA) 陈雷 ( )IBM中国软件开发中心 2004 IBM Corporation日程什么是面向服务的体系架构 SOA的价值 构成SOA的技术 如何构建SOA系统 IBM的SOA工具与产品 网格计算与SOA2 2004 IBM Corporation一个组件模型将应用程序的不同功能单元（服务）通过这些服 务之间定义良好的接口和契约联系起来。接口是采用中立的方式进行定义的，它应该独立 于实现服务的硬件平台、操作系统和编程语言。构建在各种这样的系统中的服务
2、可以以一种统一 和通用的方式进行交互。 什么是面向服务的体系架构?3 2004 IBM Corporation为什么采用面向服务的体系架构?A Service Oriented Architecture enables flexible connectivity of applications or resources by Representing every application or resource as a service with a standardized interfaceEnabling them to exchange structured information (m
3、essages, documents, business objects)Mediating the message exchange through an Enterprise Service BusThis flexibility enables new and existing applications to be easily and quickly combined to address changing business needs. The ability to easily combine/choreograph applications allows IT services
4、to more readily reflect business processesThe SOA infrastructure is also used to facilitate the management of business performance and quality of service4 2004 IBM CorporationFlexible Business ModelsTransformation Business Process Outsourcing Mergers, Acquisitions & DivestituresFlexible IT Architect
5、ureRequiresComposable ServicesSoftware Development IntegrationInfrastructure ManagementComposable ProcessesService Oriented Architecture (SOA)DevelopmentInfrastructureManagementSOA的价值: SOA实现可变的IT架构 5 2004 IBM Corporation构成SOA的技术什么是服务 服务调用 服务的编排 服务的发现6 2004 IBM Corporation什么是服务?A well-defined, invoka
6、ble unit of business functionAccesses business data or facilitates a change of business datafrom one valid and consistent state to another.Defined using explicit interfacesIndependent of service implementationsProvides contract between service requestors and service providersInvokable through common
7、 communication protocolsProvides interoperability and location transparency.7 2004 IBM Corporation服务描述Services are described using a standardized interface (metadata)Defines the service, its operations, and input and output parametersDefines how the service is reached and its locationInput and outpu
8、ts may be simple parameters or XML documentsAn existing application can be given a service faadeThe faade (e.g. an EJB) is then described as the serviceWeb Services Description Language (WSDL) is the standard used to describe the service8 2004 IBM Corporation服务描述: WSDLWSDL (Web Services Description
9、Language) is an XML document that describes a Service using a number of key elements:A Port Type defines what the service does, and is described by a number of operations. For each operation the data that it receives and sends is described by a MessageThe Binding defines how the service (as describe
10、d by the Port Type) is invoked e.g. SOAP/HTTP, SOAP/JMS.The Port specifies the address where the service is located9 2004 IBM Corporation服务调用Services interact by exchanging data over an Enterprise Service Bus The Enterprise Service Bus is a logical architectural construct Provides inter-connectivity
11、 services Services interact with each other based on the quality of service requirements of the individual transactions ESB connects and integrates an enterprises IT business In different locations, using different transports, across organizations ESB mediates service requests and responses Performs
12、 transformation and routing Enables connection type transparency ESB enables the use of multiple protocols e.g. SOAP/HTTP can be converted to SOAP/JMS and vice versa10 2004 IBM Corporation企业服务总线(ESB) Central to the Workings of a Service Oriented ArchitectureTransport Services Synchronous/Asynchronou
13、s Persistent/Non-persistent Loosely-coupled/Tightly-coupledEvent Services Publish and SubscribeMediation Services Routing TransformationStandards Based HTTP/HTTPS with option for WS-ReliableMessaging JMS, JAX-RPC, SOAP WS-Security, WS-Policy, WS-Addressing11 2004 IBM Corporation服务的编排术Business proces
14、ses are a set of activities carried out in a sequence Services can be choreographed to implement a business process i.e. each step or activity in a business process is implemented by a service The business process itself becomes a service Service choreography is described by the Business Process Exe
15、cution Language (BPEL) A standard proposed to OASIS for process definition Service Choreography provides: Processes that combine applications and peopleTransactionality and compensationManipulation of process data12 2004 IBM Corporation服务的发现A Service Registry or Directory Publishes service descripti
16、onsFinds business, services and service interfacesUDDI is a standard for a registry web service (see UDDI.org) Service discovery may be at design time or run time WebSphere Studio provides Web Services Explorer to publish and search UDDIUDDI Service entries contain URL of its WSDL A UDDI directory may be private to an enterprise WSDL for service
