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1、中考阅读理解解 题技巧星火中学 文 静一、先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便 能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数。 二、快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意 发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧， 至少要扫视一下首段和尾段。再把标题 和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文 大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。 三、细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细 节内容。这是解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点 ： 1 抓住五个“W”和一个“H”，就是边读边用 铅笔做些标记，把What ，When，Where， Why，who, How 划出来。抓住了五个“W”和一 个“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问 题便可解决。 2抓住连接
2、词及起关键作用的副词、代词、 介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果，让步， 递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接 上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨 明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进 行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重 的作用。 3根据题意，初选答案。这一步须仔细审题， 领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的， 有把握的题可以断然确定，有些略难的题，应再 查阅短文（不是重读一遍），迅速找出依据，予 以排除。常用的解题方法有如下几种： 直接解题法即细节理解题。就是从原文中 直接找出答案。 归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出 答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进
3、行概 括、归纳得出正确答案。 综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析， 综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。 题干中有“suggest, conclude, conclusion, probably, reason, because, according to“等 字眼时，属于推断概括型，考查内容着眼于全篇 ，考生应具备一定的分析归纳，推理等逻辑思维 能力。 转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所 给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表 示同一含义。 排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和 常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答 案 四、重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完 最后一道题后，
4、如果时间允许，再将原文读一 遍；用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其 内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进 一步审查，以便减少失误。典型例题分析 ( 2010 长沙)Find and keep your friendshipEvery one of us , Rich or poor , should at least have one or two good friends . Your fiends will listen to you when you speak , will take care of you when you are sick , and will be toge
5、ther with you in your journey through life . Everyone needs friends . Friendship can make us happier .How can we find a good friend and get on well with each other ? here is some advice : Make friends with a person who is easy to get along with . You should make friends with a person who has somethi
6、ng in common with you . Give your friend a hand when he or she is in trouble . friends should always be ready to help each other .Believe in each other . This is the most important thing in a friendship . Even the best friends may have a quarrel ( 争吵) sometimes . If this happens , dont youre your qu
7、arrel last too long . Try to make up with ( 和好 ) your friends soon .Friendship is a kind of treasure in our life . It is like a bottle of wine , the longer it is kept , the better it will he .( )1.Rich people dont need friends . ( ) 2.If your friends are in trouble , you should help them . ( ) 3.Mak
8、e friends with people who are not difficult to get along with . ( )4. Dont believe in your friends . ( )5.Best friends dont have a quarrel .FTTFF分析 1. F细节理解题。有文章开头Every one of us , rich or poor , should at least have one or two good friends , 可知，此题与原文不符。 2. T 推理判断题。由文中的建议三“Give your friend a hand 给你
9、的朋友提供帮助.”可知，此题正3.T 推理判断题。由文中的建议一可知.我们应该与容 易相处的人交朋友。easy = not difficult , 故此题正确 。4. F转换解题法。由建议四可知， 我们应该Believe in “信任”我们的朋友。此题与原文意思相反，故错误。5. F 事实细节题。由最后一条建议可知，即使是最后 的朋友之间也难免有争执。此处的dont have与原文 不符。故此题错误。典型例题 Sociologists(社会学家), working in western countries, have found that a large number of women wis
10、hed they had been born men. The number is said to be as high as 60% in Germany.Women often wish they had the same chances as men have, and think it is still mens world,” said Dr James Helen, one of the sociologists who did the study.Many men say that they have more duties than women. A man has to ma
11、ke money to support(养活)his family and to make the important decision, so it is right for men to be paid more. Some are even against their wives working at all. When wives go out to work, they say, the home and children cannot be taken good care of. If women take full-time jobs, they wont be able to
12、do what they are best at doing: making a nice home and bringing up the children.Some women disagree. They say they want to get out of their homes and to have freedom(自由) to choose between work and home life. Women have the right of equal pay and equal chances(平等机会).Anne Harper has a very good job. S
13、he also believes in “Womens Liberation(解放).” “I dont wish I were a man, ”she says, “and I dont think many women do. But I do wish people would stop treating(对待) us like secondclass people. At work, for example, we usually do the work that men do but get paid less. There are still a lot of jobs only
14、to menusually they are the best ones. If you are a man, you have a much better chance of living a wonderful life. How many women scientists are thereor engineers?”( ) 1. many men think_.A. women cant do what men can B. men have to work much harder than womenC. men can make money more easily than wom
15、enD. womens duty is mainly to do housework at home1、 这是一道概括主旨的题，并且答此题的依据是 第三段整段内容。因此，也属于综合推理题。这段 开头两句话说的是重男，那么不言而喻，家务活和 教育子女的任务应有妇女承担；另有一些男士则公 开反对女士外出工作。可见，不少男士认为妇女的 主要职责是在家料理家务。D( ) 2. Some women have different ideas, They say that_. A. women need chances to go out of the home more often B. women w
16、ant more freedom in deciding the kind of life they want C. if women are given equal pay, they can do everything instead of men D. women are no longer interested in taking care of their homes2、 一些妇女持不同观点，文中第四段反映了他 们的意见，即细节理解题。这也正是文章的中心 思想的写作意图-争取人权平等，妇女自由， 男女平等。B( ) 3. Anne Harper didnt wish to be a man_. A. because she believed in “W
