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1、Unit Eight Text I Why Nothing Works 产品为何失效vI. Library Workv1. The Pomo Indians belong to a North American Indian tribe that forms the second largest tribal group in California, U.S.A. The name “Pomo” comes from a suffix that the Pomo people add to many the people. Pomo words in their language. The P
2、omo womens fine basketry is the artistic triumph of I. Library Workvbasketry includes small masterpieces as well as large, colorfully decorated containers, and is considered among the worlds finest.vIn the summer, Eskimos used two kinds of boats for hunting and travel.v1) The kayak was decked over e
3、xcept for I. Library Workva manhole that accommodated one person. Such craft had frames made of pieces of driftwood bound together. The frames were covered with dehaired sealskins sewn with waterproof stitching.v2) The umiak was a large, open boat made by covering a driftwood frame with split walrus
4、 hides or sealskins.II. Organization of the Text1. Murphys Law effect: the shoddy goods problem (Paragraph 1) 2. Cause: human rather than technological (Paragraphs 2 5) Illustration: artifacts used by simple pre-industrial societies (2)II. Organization of the Textv The source of quality: social rela
5、tionship between producer and consumer (3)v Contrast: the wide difference in the quality of products made by the producer for himself or his kin and of those made for unknown users (4 5)III. Key Points of the TextvParagraph 1vattribute to: regard something as belonging to, caused by or produced by 认
6、为某事物属于某人，认为某事物由某人引 起或产生vE.g.: This play is usually attributed to Shakespeare. 这个剧本通常认为是莎士比 亚作的。Paragraph 1vsavant: a person having great knowledge of some subject 专家，学者 ，博学之士vcorollary: an idea, an argument, or a fact that naturally follows something else 必然的结果，自然的结果Paragraph 1vE.g.: Neither of them
7、 knew about it, and the corollary of that is that someone else revealed the secret. 他们两人并不知 道这回事，因此一定是另外有人泄露了秘密 。vCorollaries to Murphys Law suggest themselves as clues to the shoddy goods problem: Paragraph 1vFrom Murphys Law we may find answers to the problem of badly made goods.vshoddy: of poor q
8、uality or badly made 劣质的；粗制滥造的vE.g.: shoddy workmanship 劣等工艺Paragraph 1vuntil a decent interval has elapsed: until a sufficiently long period of time has passed. The basic meaning of decent is “proper; socially acceptable,” e.g., decent behavior, decent clothing. In this context, a decent interval s
9、uggests that the amount of time should be long enough for people to accept as proper.Paragraph 1velapse: This word is used to indicate the passing of time, e.g., three weeks / four months / two years have elapsed.vforestalling Murphys Law: preventing Murphys Law from taking effect / operatingParagra
10、ph 1vforestall: prevent or defeat (a person or his plans) by acting first（用先发制人的 手段）预先阻止vE.g.: Before he had time to explain what he proposed to do, his plan was forestalled.vThe police forestalled the burglars attempt to break into the jewelers. Paragraph 1vcommitment: (in this context) obligation
11、or determination to forestall Murphys Law. Originally commitment refers to the act of pledging or devoting (oneself) to a course of action (承诺，许 诺).vE.g.: The teachers commitment (responsibility) is more than imparting knowledge.Paragraph 1vA person is committed if he devotes himself to a certain ca
12、use, e.g., a committed educationist (忠诚的教育家).Paragraph 1vdo the trick: (informal) to fulfill ones purpose or intention (口) 有效，达到目的vE.g.: This medicine ought to do the trick (= cure the disease).v I need a piece of paper. This old envelope will do the trick! 我需要一张纸 。这只旧信封正可一用。Paragraph 1vI took four
13、sleeping pills but even that wouldnt do the trick. 我吃了四片安眠药 ，但尽管这样也还是没有效果。Paragraph 1vmaintenance: the act of keeping in good order / condition by regularly checking itvE.g.: You may be able to afford a second-hand automobile, but its maintenance may cost you a lot.Paragraph 2vartifact: an object th
14、at is made by man, such as a tool or a decoration, especially one that is of historical interestvE.g.: Various artifacts of prehistoric times were discovered during the excavation.Paragraph 2vdispel: remove (false belief, doubt, fear) by proving them wrongvE.g.: His encouraging words dispelled all m
15、y doubts about my own inability.vwe honor the label “handmade”: we show respect for / think much of the tag which says that the article is made by handParagraph 3vseaworthy: (of a ship) in good condition and fit for a sea voyagevevoke: bring forth, call up, cause something to be remembered or expres
16、sedvE.g.: The songs evoked memories of my school days. Paragraph 3vprojectile: an object or weapon that is shot forward, especially from a gun, or that shoots itself forward 抛射体，射弹 ；抛射的Paragraph 4vparka: a short coat with a protective cover 风雪大衣，派克大衣Paragraph 5vthe intimate sentimental and personal bonds: the close / familiar emotional and person-to-person relationship / connecti
