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1、第十四章 汉英语篇比较与翻译第一节 衔接的翻译 第二节 连贯的翻译第一节 衔接的翻译 衔接（Cohesion）也称词语连接，是将语句聚合在 一起的语法及词汇手段的统称，是指一段话中几个 部分语法或词汇方面存在联系。这种联系可能存在 于段落或句子之间，也可能存在于一个句子的几个 部分之间。衔接是语篇表层的可见现象，或“有形 网络”。从语篇生成的过程看，衔接是组句成篇必 不可少的条件；从业已生成的语篇来看，衔接是语 篇的重要特征之一。例句 离车库还有三四米，车库门就像认识主人似 的自动掀起 when it was three or four meters away from the garage,
2、 its door automatically opened as if it recognized its own master.1 汉语中的原词复现VS.英语中的人称替代黛玉磕着瓜子，只管抿着嘴笑。可 巧黛玉的丫鬟雪雁来给黛玉送小手 炉Daiyu had been smiling rather cryptically as she cracked melon-seeds. Now her maid Hsueh-yen brought in her litter hand-stove.练习 星期六看了一个电影，电影名叫 2012。I saw a film lasts Saturday， It
3、s title was 2012.老金奔过去看见一只鸟，他把鸟 小心翼翼装进笼子Lao Jin hastened over and found a bird, he placed it into a cage with much care.例子 他喝了一口凉水，然后拿着（他的）三十五 块很亮的现洋。He had a deep drink of cold water ,then taking his thirty-five bright, shiny dollars .2 汉语中物主代词的省略VS.英语中物主代词的补足他把（他的）双手插进（他的）口袋，然 后耸了耸（他的）肩。He put his
4、 hands in his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.练习 我在（我的）书包里找到了(我的)钢 笔。I found my pen in my bag.例子 朋友雨点不好意思地解释说，他买这座大 房子时，孩子们还在上着学，如今（他们 ）都成家立业了 My friend looked somewhat ill at ease when he told me this :At the time when he bought this big house, his children had all been at school. Now they
5、had their own homes and jobs.3 汉语的零前指VS.英语代词的补足解净收起图说：“大家出车吧，下午 休息的时候再看（它），就贴在这里Xie Jing folded up the diagram and said, “Now get moving. Ill paste this up here and you can have a look at it during the midday break.”4.汉语中主观化的代词使用vs.英语中相对客观 的代词使用“this/that”与“这/那”使用频率上的差异从 使用频率上看，在英语语篇中“that”的使用 频率高于“
6、this”。见表1。汉语语篇中“这”的使用频率高于“那”。见 表2表1 that和this的使用频率情况在总的语料中 频率位次在小说文体的语科中 频率位次That715This2241表2“这”、“那”及其组合词的使用情况频频率位次绝对绝对 使用频频率单词组合词这1228451538那271398491生存还是死亡，这是个问题。To be or not to be ：that is a question.第二节连贯的翻译 连贯（Coherence)，是指以信息发出者和接受者 双方共同了解的情景为基础，通过逻辑推理来达 到语义的连贯。连贯是词语、分句、句子、句群 在概念、逻辑上合理。恰当地连为一
7、体的语篇特 征。1.连贯不当蜜蜂这物件，最爱劳动。广东天气好，花又多，蜜蜂一年四季都不闲 着。酿的蜜多，自己吃的可有限。每回割蜜，给它们留一点点糖，够 它们吃的就行了。它们从来不争。也不计较什么，还是继续劳动、继 续酿蜜，整日整月不辞劳苦【译文1】The bees are industrious while our province has good weather and plenty of flowers. They work the whole year round, and eat only a fraction of the honey produce. Each time we e
8、xtract it we leave them a little sugar. They never argue or complain, just go on producing honey day after day.【译文2】The bees are industrious. They work the whole year round, since our province has good weather and plenty of flowers. Though they produce much honey, they eat only a fraction of it. Eac
9、h time we extract it we leave them a little sugar. They never argue or complain, just go on producing honey day after day. 练习忙到除夕夜才松口气。全家团圆，坐下来吃“年夜 饭”。 All the preparations are not completed until the New yearEve, when all the family members sit down around the table to enjoy the “New years Eve dinn
10、er”.2.逻辑重组 白杨树不是平凡的树。它在西北及普遍，不被人重视，就 跟北方的农民相似；它有极强的生命力，折磨不了，压迫 不倒。也跟北方的农民相似。White poplars are no ordinary trees .But these common trees in Northwest China are as much ignored as our peasants in the North .However ,like our peasants in the North ,they are bursting with vitality and capable of survivi
11、ng any hardship or oppression.为了逃避那一双双熟悉的眼睛，释放后经纪人介绍 他来到湖南南县一家木器厂做临时工。 In order to avoid those familiar eyes ,he didnt return to his hometown after release ,but found an job in a furniture factory in Nanxian Country ,Hunan Province, through introduction.现在，他正衔着旱烟管，扒在洞窟随手捡翻。他当然看不懂这些东西， 只觉得事情有点蹊跷。为何正好
12、我在这儿时墙壁裂了缝呢？或许是神对 我的酬劳。趁下次到县城，捡几个经卷给县长看看，顺便说说这桩奇 事。 With a pipe in his mouth , Taoist Wang jumbled through his new discoveries in the cave. Of course, he didnt know their value. He just felt it strange, thinking to himself, “Why did the wall break while I was here? It might be a reward for me from H
13、eaven. Nest time I go to the county town, Ill show some of these to the county magistrate and tell him about this strange event.”3叙述思路的转换“根生从来没跟他的老婆吵过架！我知道一定有别的事情!一定有 别的事！”阿李严肃地说。他现在纳闷的样子，因为他不知道这 别的事情究竟是什么事情。 “Gensheng never quarrels with his wife. It must be something else. Im sure, “I said gravely. He was puzzled. What could it be?谢谢
