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1、 Genetic ExcellenceHy-Line Technical Service School June 2014免疫程序和应用技术 Vaccination Programs and Application TechniquesKenton Kreager, DVM Hy-Line International Hy-Line International后备鸡和产蛋鸡免疫程序的制定 Designing Vaccination Programs for Pullets and Layers基本的注意事项 Basic Considerations 预计的发病状况 Disease exposu
2、res expected 马利克和传染性法氏囊比较流行 Mareks and Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) are universal 支原体和传喉不同时发病 Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Laryngotracheitis (LT) vary in farm exposure 传染性法氏囊母源抗体水平 Maternal antibody levels - IBD 能拿到的疫苗 Vaccines available 能否或习惯于喷雾或饮水免疫 Ability/preference for spray or water 习惯
3、全部活疫苗还是灭活疫苗免疫程序 Preference for all-live vs killed program基本原则 Basic Rules 根据母源抗体水平制定早期免疫程序 Early vaccinations timed according to maternal antibody levelsIBD母源抗体衰减和免疫应答百分比 IBD Maternal Antibody Decline and % Response to Vaccination应 答 百 分 比IBD 滴度日龄IBD母源抗体衰减和免疫应答百分比 IBD Maternal Antibody Decline and %
4、 Response to Vaccination应 答 百 分 比IBD 滴度日龄基本原则 Basic Rules 根据母源抗体水平制定早期免疫程序 Early vaccinations timed according to maternal antibody levels 逐步增加新城疫和支气管炎活疫苗的免疫活 性 Gradually increase reactivity of live Newcastle (ND)/bronchitis (IBV) vaccinations 免疫活性受以下影响 Reactivity affected by 毒株 （新城疫Lasota比B1活性高） Str
5、ain (LaSota Newcastle more reactive than B1) 免疫途径（喷雾比饮水活性强） Route (spray more reactive than water) 不要同时增加两种免疫活性 Dont increase reactivity of both at same time基本原则 Basic Rules 根据母源抗体水平制定早期免疫程序 Early vaccinations timed according to maternal antibody levels 逐步增加新城疫和支气管炎活疫苗的免疫 活性 Gradually increase react
6、ivity of live Newcastle-bronchitis vaccinations 两种不同呼吸道活苗免疫之间间隔2周 传 喉和新支 Allow two weeks between different live respiratory vaccinations - LT and Newcastle/Bronchitis (N/B)基本原则 继续 Basic Rules continued 最后一次活苗基础免疫和灭活苗注射免疫之 间间隔5-6周Allow 5-6 weeks between last live primer and killed injection (?) 产蛋舍中使
7、用灭活的新支二联疫苗或者活增 强疫苗，提供产蛋期保护 Use either killed N/B vaccine or live boosters in layer house to extend protection through lay 至少进行一次新支二联喷雾免疫，刺激自身 的呼吸道免疫力 Use at least one live N/B spray to stimulate the local respiratory immunity美国基础免疫程序Basic U.S. Vaccination Program日龄 Age疫苗 Vaccine免疫途径 Route出雏 hatchHVT
8、/Rispens鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 Herpes Virus Turkey (HVT) / Rispens Salmonella typhimurium (ST) 皮下注射 Subcutaneous 喷雾 Spray 18-20天 18-20 daysIBD中等毒株 IBD intermediate strain饮水 Water24-26天 24-26 daysIBD中等毒株 IBD intermediate strain饮水 Water30-32天 30-32 daysIBD中等毒株 IBD intermediate strain饮水 Water马萨诸塞B-1株 B-1 Massachusett
9、s (Mass) / Connecticut饮水 Water6-8周龄 6-8 weeks新城疫B-1 和ST B-1 Newcastle & ST喷雾 Spray阿肯色株支气管炎 Mass-Arkansas (Ark) bronchitis喷雾 Spray12-14周龄 12-14 weeks鸡痘 Avian encephalomyelitis - Fowl Pox刺种 Wingweb喉气管炎 Laryngotracheitis滴眼 Eyedrop沙门氏菌-新城疫-支气管炎 Salmonella enteriditis (SE)-Newcastle-Bronchitis注射 Injectio
10、n其他免疫注意事项 Optional vaccination considerations 全部喷雾免疫程序（不适用于IBD） All-spray program (not recommended for IBD) 支气管炎-其他血清型或自生型 Bronchitis other serotypes or autogenous IBD- 变体或高致病型，HVT载体疫苗 IBD variants or highly pathogenic type,HVT vectored vaccines 活疫苗- 第一周饲料或饮水免疫 Coccivac first week in feed or water 霍
11、乱- 活苗或灭活苗，2次，6-8周间隔 Cholera live or killed, twice, 6-8 weeks apart 呼肠孤- 对蛋鸡或蛋种鸡一般不需免疫 Reovirus generally not needed for layers or layer breeders 鸡痘和鸽痘可用于提供针对网状组织内皮增生病毒的扩展 保护-与多种鸡痘关联 Fowl and pigeon pox used to broaden protection against reticuloendotheliosis virus-associated variant pox其他免疫注意事项 Opti
12、onal vaccinations ontinued 喉气管炎-传统的鸡胚源或组织培养源活病毒，通过滴眼、喷 雾、饮水或者痘或HVT载体进行免疫 LT traditional chicken embryo origin (CEO) or tissue culture origin (TCO) live virus by eyedrop, spray, or water, or pox or HVT vectors 鼻炎-上笼前菌苗免疫2次 Coryza bacterin twice before housing 鸡毒支原体 - 活苗（3种产品）或菌苗 MG live (3 products)
13、or bacterin 滑囊液支原体 可用菌苗，活苗逐渐可用 Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) bacterin available, live becoming available 肠炎沙门氏菌/鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 2-3次活苗免疫，或1-2次菌苗免 疫，或两种结合 SE/ST live 2-3 times, or 1-2 bacterins, or combo 大肠杆菌 Zoetis公司活的基因敲除疫苗，2-3次 E. coli live Zoetis gene-deleted 2-3 times 新城疫/支气管炎 每6-8周活增强疫苗免疫或上笼前灭活苗免疫 N/B live
14、boosters every 6-8 weeks or killed vaccine prior to housing世界性的注意事项 International Considerations 禽流感 Avian Influenza (AI) 在有些国家（如中国），采用灭活油苗进行H5和H9常规免疫，育雏育成期 免疫2-3次 H5 and H9 routinely vaccinated against in some countries (China) with killed oil-emulsion vaccines 2-3 times in growing period 外来新城疫 （内脏
15、强毒型或神经型） Exotic Newcastle (velogenic viscerotropic or neurotropic) 需要全程保持最强免疫力 Maximum immunity needed at all times 早期开始多种强活苗免疫 Multiple strong live vaccines, starting very early 育雏育成期多种灭活油苗注射免疫 Multiple killed oil-emulsion injections used in grow 产蛋期每4-6周采用LaSota株喷雾，进行加强免疫 Boost with LaSota spray e
16、very 4-6 weeks in lay 新基因型的新城疫 New genotypes of Newcastle 未来会有新的活苗 ？ New live vaccines in future? 自生的 ？Autogenous?世界性的注意事项 International Considerations 减蛋综合症 Egg Drop Syndrome (EDS) 育雏育成后期或上笼前进行一次灭活油苗注射免疫 Single killed oil-emulsion injection late in grow or at housing 肺炎病毒 （TRT或头部肿胀综合症）Pneumovirus (TRT or swollen head syndrome) 一种温和的呼吸道疾病，在蛋鸡中问题很大 Mild respi
