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1、Westminster Abbey主讲：徐琰Key PointsCoronation Chair Henry VII ChapelPoets CornerSituation: The English tour guide continues to introduce Westminster Abbey to the tourists. Westminster AbbeyQuestions What is Coronation Chair used for ？What famous names can be found in the Poets Corner?What is Henry VII
2、Chapel famous for?Westminster AbbeyThis is the famous Coronation Chair (加 冕椅). It was first used at the coronation of King Edward II (爱德华二世, 1307 - 1327) in 1308, and since then it has been used for the coronations of all but three of our Kings and Queens.Coronation ChairThe Coronation Chair may loo
3、k modest (造型简约), but it is probably the oldest piece of furniture in Britain still used for the purpose for which it was made. Can you guess what the purpose is?Stone of SconeActually, it was made for King Edward I (爱德华一世, 1272 - 1307) to enclose the famous Stone of Scone (加冕石), which he brought fro
4、m Scotland to the Abbey in 1296.Edward IEdward I was one of this countrys great warrior kings ( 骑士/勇士王) who reigned (统治 ) from 1272 to 1307. During his reign Edward was determined to bring the Crown of Scotland ( 苏格兰君主) under the English control.Edward IIn order to achieve this goal, he fought a lon
5、g and constant battle to conquer the Scots. In 1296, Edward managed to take possession of (占有) the Scottish Crowns regalia (王权).Edward IHe also captured and brought to England the Scottish Stone of Destiny (苏格兰命运石), also known as the Stone of Scone, over which Scotlands Kings had been crowned for ma
6、ny centuries.Coronation ChairYou may ask where the Stone of Scone is. The stone beneath the seat was returned to Edinburgh (爱 丁堡) in 1996. So the Coronation Chair stands empty now after 700 years.Henry VII ChapelHere we are in the famous Henry VII Chapel (亨利七世礼拜堂).The construction began in 1503 at t
7、he expense of (由支付 费用) Henry VII (1457 - 1509). It is the last (仅剩的) great masterpiece of English medieval (中世纪) architecture.Henry VII ChapelIt is separated from the rest of the Abbey by brass gates and a flight of stairs. The Henry VII Chapel is best known for its combination of fan vault ceiling
8、( 扇形拱顶). That is truly breathtaking (令人惊叹的). Henry VII ChapelAround the walls are 95 statues of saints (圣人 / 德高望重的人). This is the largest surviving collection of figure sculptures ( 人物塑像) from early Tudor England (英国都铎王朝).汇集了英国都铎王朝早期现存最多的人物塑像。Henry VII ChapelBehind the altar (圣坛) is the tomb of Henr
9、y VII and his queen Elizabeth of York.Poets CornerWell, here is one of the most popular part of Westminster Abbey, Poets Corner (诗人 之角), in the South Transept (十字形南翼). It is the burial place of the nations greatest playwrights (剧作家).Poets CornerYou can see graves and memorials to Geoffrey Chaucer (杰
10、弗里乔叟, 约 1340 - 1400), William Shakespeare (威 廉姆莎士比亚，1564 1616), Samuel Johnson (塞缪尔约翰逊, 1709 - 1784), and Charles Dickens (查尔斯狄更斯, 1812 - 1870).Poets CornerActually, it was not originally designated ( 指定) as the burial place of writers, playwrights and poets.Geoffrey ChaucerThe first poet to be buri
11、ed here, Geoffrey Chaucer, was laid to rest in Westminster Abbey because he had been Clerk of Works (工程监督) to the palace of Westminster, not because he had written the Canterbury Tales (坎 特伯雷故事集).Geoffrey ChaucerGeoffrey Chaucer (杰弗里乔叟, 约 1340 - 1400), known as the Father of English literature, is w
12、idely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages and was the first poet to be buried in Poets Corner of Westminster Abbey.Geoffrey ChaucerAmong his many works, he is best known today for The Canterbury Tales (坎特伯雷故 事集). It is a collection of 24 stories that runs to over 17,000 lines.Poe
13、ts CornerOver 150 years later, during the flowering (兴盛) of English literature in the 16th century, a more magnificent tomb was erected for Chaucer and in 1599 Edmund Spenser (埃德蒙斯宾塞, 1552 - 1599) was laid to rest nearby.Edmund SpenserEdmund Spenser (埃德蒙斯宾塞, 1552 - 1599), was an English poet best kn
14、own for The Faerie Queene (仙后) , an epic (史诗的) poem and fantastical allegory (寓言) dedicated to Elizabeth I. Poets CornerThese two tombs created a tradition which developed over the following centuries. Please take a look aroundWilliam ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare, 1564 1616, was an English poet, p
15、laywright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the worlds preeminent (杰出的) dramatist (戏剧家). William ShakespeareHis extant works include 38 plays,154 sonnets (十四行诗), two long narrative poems. His four great comedies are A Midsummer Nights Dream (仲夏夜之梦 ), The
16、Merchant of Venice (威尼斯商人 )，As You Like It (皆大欢喜), and Twelfth Night (第十二夜). William ShakespeareHis four tragedies are Hamlet (哈姆雷特), King Lear (李尔王 ), Othello (奥赛罗) and Macbeth (麦克白).Samuel JohnsonSamuel Johnson (1709 - 1784), often referred to as Dr Johnson, was an English writer who made lasting contributions (不可磨灭的贡献) to English literature as a poet, essayist, literary critic, biographer ( 传记作者), editor, and lexicographer ( 词典编纂者).Charles DickensCharles Dickens (
