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1、主谓一致语法详解 07202009lillian主谓一致,是指主语和谓语动词要保持 人称和数上的一致What we want is more time.What they need in that area are doctors and nurses.What she left him are some old photos.主 谓 一 致 的 三 个 原 则 A 语法一致 B 意义一致 C 就近原则 A 语法一致 语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的 一致关系,主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数 形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式.My child has no intention of spe
2、nding a vacation with me.My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me. B 意义一致 意义一致是说谓语动词的单,复数要取决于主 语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标 记. 1.主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动 词用复数. The majority of primary school teachers are women. 2.主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单 数. No news is good news. Billiards is becoming more and
3、more popular in some cities C 就近原则 就近原则是指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词 组成时,谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的 数一致. There is a square table and some chairs in the center of the dining-room.Either your students or William knows this.提 示 一般说来,究竟何时采用何种原则,应视 英语习惯用法而定.但在实际使用中,如 果对上述三种原则捉摸不定时,遵循语 法一致的原则是一种比较稳妥的方法.并列主语的主谓一致单一主语的主谓一致其他情
4、况的主谓一致 A形复意单的名词作 主语B 集合名词作主语C 代词作主语主 谓 一 致并列主语的主谓一致 A 由and连接的并列主语 1.用and (或both.and) 连接并列主语时,谓 语动词通常用复数. A hammer and a saw are useful tools.当and连接的两个名词是指组合到一起的一件 完整的或成套的东西,或表示同一个人或一种概 念时,谓语动词要用单数形式. The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting.英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有: iron and steel_ 钢铁 a needle and t
5、hread 针线 aim and end_ 目的 going to bed early and getting up early 早睡早 起 a watch and chain_ 一块带链的表 a cart and horse 一辆马车 a coat and tie_ 配有领带的上衣 bread and butter_ 黄油面包 law and order_ 治安 a knife and fork_ 刀叉2.一个名词为几个并列形容词所修饰时,这时主语和 谓语动词的一致关系一般遵循语法一致的原则. Clever and slow students are treated alike. A bla
6、ck and white kitten was found in the garden yesterday. 比 较 A black and a white dogs are playing in the yard. A black and white dog is playing in the yard. 3.在each.and each., every.and every., no.and no.等结构之后,谓 语动词用单数形式. Each boy and each girl has an apple. Every hour and every minute is precious. No
7、 bird and no beast is seen on the lonely island.4.带有并列动词的what从句作主语时,要根据 意义一致的原则决定动词的数. What he says and does do not agree. What he says and does does not concern me.在某些成语中,一些并列主语用and相连时,其 后谓语用单数. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy
8、and wise.B 某些词组采取就近原则 以or, either.or, neither.nor, not.but, not only.but also等连接的名词 (代词)作并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数应根据 就近一致的原则. Neither he nor I am willing to go shopping today. Not the students but their teacher is invited to the party. -Are either you or he to go there _ 是你 还是他将去那里 -Neither is._C 谓语动词的数不受某些词组
9、影响 主语后跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, like, rather than, together with, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时 ,其谓语动词的单,复数按主语的单,复数而定 . The manager, rather than the workers, is responsible for the loss. Nobody but three policemen was on the spot.单一主语的主谓一致A形复意单的名词作主语 形复意单的名词作主语(
10、即形式为复数,意义 为单数),按意义一致的原则,用作单数意义时 ,谓语用单数,反之,谓语用复数. 1.许多学科名称,如mathematics, physics, economics, politics,以及news等名词作主 语时,动词用单数. News is traveling fast nowadays.2.用作国名,组织机构,书名,报刊名等复数形式的专有名 词作为整体对待,谓语用单数. The Times reports the news of the strike. Great Expectations was written by Dickens in 1860.如果山脉,群岛,瀑布
11、等名称作主语时,谓语动词用复数. The Great Lakes lie between the USA and Canada. 五大湖在美国和加拿大两国之间. The Philippines are in the western Pacific Ocean southeast of China. 菲律宾群岛在中国东南太平洋西部 . The Niagara Falls are the falls on the Niagara River. 尼亚加拉瀑布位于尼亚加拉河上.3.一些形复意单的名词,包括有成双成套部分的衣物 或工具名称,作主语时,谓语用复数. My blue trousers hav
12、e been worn out. His glasses are new. 提 示 这些名词如用a pair of修饰时,谓语动词用单数. The shoes are under the bed. 鞋在床下. The pair of shoes is under the bed. 这双鞋在 床下.4.单,复数同形名词作主语时,按意义一致的原则,用 作单数意义时,谓语用单数;用作复数意义时,谓语有 复数.这类名词有:sheep, deer, fish, means, works, species, Chinese, Japanese等. The (This) glass works was se
13、t up in 1986. This species of rose is very rare.这类名词前有a, such a, this, that, every修饰时,谓语用单数 ;有all, such, these, those修 饰时,谓语用复数. Every means has been tried out without much result. All means have been tried out without much result.集合名词作主语B 集合名词作主语 集合名词表示有若干个体组成的集合体,如army, audience, class, club, comp
14、any, crowd, government, group, party, population, team, union等. 1.集合名词作主语时,若表示整体概念,谓语动词用 单数,若表示构成该集合体的成员,则谓语动词用复 数. His family are waiting for him. But the mans family was small - only himself and his wife.2.有些集合名词,如cattle, folk, people, police, youth等,作主语时,谓语动词用复数,即所谓的“形单 意复“. The police have caugh
15、t the thief. The cattle are grazing in the field. 3.有些无生命(表示物)的集合名词作主语,谓语用单 数. All the furniture in my room is new. Has your luggage arrived yet A lot of hiking equipment is needed here.C 代词作主语C 代词作主语 1.名词性物主代词作主语时,既可以用作单数,也 可以用作复数,这取决于它所代替的是单数还是 复数. Ours is a great country. Your shoes are black, an
16、d mine are brown. 2.such, the same等指示代词作主语时,应根据 其所指的内容来决定单,复数. Such are her wishes. Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man with great achievements.3.关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主 语时,其谓语动词的数应与主句中先行词的数一致. Those who want to go for a picnic please put up your hands. 在“one of + 复数名词 + who/that/which“引导的 定语从句结构中,关系代词who/that/which的先行词 是靠近它的复数名词而不是one,因此,从句中的动词 应该是复数形式.但当one之前有the, the only等修 饰语时,关系代词的先行词是one,而不是靠近它的复 数名词,因此从句的动词应是单数形式.
