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1、Electric Vehicle Development The Past, Present & FutureTeam MemberYanlong MAO Xiaomin LIU Jiahao HUO Yulin Zhao Yongbin YANG Fei WUQingdong SUNAbstractThe development of electric vehicle has been over a hundred years but failure to gain the public acceptance in various stages due to various reasons
2、which explained. While EV was never mass produced, Hybrid electric vehicle gains the momentum in recent years. Ford has launched its second generation of HEV and GM also announced the debut of the Volt in 2010. Comparing to the regular HEV, Plug in is the new trend in hybrid auto development due to
3、extend travel range in electrical mode and a possibility of a zero emission as long as travel distance is less than charging threshold. However, more recently, an electrification trend in automotive industry has been evolved and will revolutionize the industry. With the correct policy and government
4、 help and advancement of electric vehicle technology, the prospect of Electric Vehicle will be bright and the focus point of future development.I. INTRODUCTIONII. HISTORY OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE DEVELOPMENTA. Early development stageB. Midterm development (1930s-1980s)C. Modern DevelopmentD. Modern HEV d
5、evelopmentE. Future DevelopmentIII. CONCLUSIONIV. REFERENCESI. INTRODUCTIONA vehicle is consider Green when it more environmentally friendly than the traditional petroleum combustion engine, in which includes any nontraditional vehicle like, HEV, Plug In, EV, Fuel Cell, Bio fuel etc. that improves f
6、uel economy. As associated with energy independence and environmental issue, alternative fuel vehicle, especially Electric and Hybrid electric vehicle has become part of the government policy all over the world. The consumer market has brought significant gain in alternative fuel vehicle as well as
7、HEV and electric vehicles.A HEV study (Fig. 1) conducted by Polk &Company indicated an upward trend of market share of HEV sales in United State and Western Europe. An even bigger share of HEV and EV were predicted when they combined.Chevy Volt, the first plug-in hybrid, and a bunch of planned elect
8、ric vehicles saluted for end consumer in the North America will lead to a round of new energy vehicle in the market.II. HISTORY OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE DEVELOPMENTThe development of electric vehicle has a long history. Since the invention of electric motor, electric vehicle has been around for 150 years
9、. From simple non-chargeable to modern state of art control system, the development of Electric vehicle can be classified into three stages: Early years, Midterm and Present as described in Fig 23.A. Early development stageElectric vehicle was considered among the earliestautomobile and well ahead o
10、f combustion engine. Itdominated the vehicle registration with 3:1 comparing to gasoline vehicles in the late 1920s to 1930s and held most of the land vehicle performance record in early 1900s. It was a major transportation tool and widely used in the society for local transportation improved from h
11、orse carriages.B. Midterm development (1930s-1980s)Electric vehicle production and development came to a halt as personal transportation after combustion engine took over in 1935. Political sensitivity with OPEC created a necessity of energy independence during the 1960s and 1970s.U.S Government and
12、 environmentalist reintroduced tougher fuel efficient standard for the industry and ignited a board interest in electric vehicle in the period. Energy crisis in early 70s driven the US postal service placed a large order of 350 EV test fleet. It is the highest node of midterm development.However, pa
13、rtly due to limited performance, other governmental priorities, lack of board infrastructure support and range of corporation participation, the development quiet down quickly during this period.C. Modern DevelopmentModern EV development was dominated by EV1 whoproduced by GM for fleet application.
14、Unfortunately, this short surge of EV availability did not realized into commercial production because of a complicated issue of politics, economic, education and technology that includes vehicle production cost and safety concerns. D. Modern HEV developmentIn 1999 and early 2000s, a new type of ele
15、ctric vehicle emerged from pure electric vehicle. Honda introduced the first HEV, Honda Insight, to the US Market that brought another milestone in auto industry. With brisk market acceptance and success of the Prius, HEV technology shows it maturity and potential.E. Future Development As gasoline p
16、rice rise rapidly, combined with environmental concern, the society renews the call for social responsibility. Electric Vehicle and other AFV suddenly becomes popular again.III. CONCLUSION Like many emerging technology, electric vehicle development and application have been around for a long time, but until recently, the technology has not really taken off. Even though HEV started as a good alternative to gasoline vehicl
