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1、直接引语与间接引语知识精讲 v（一）概念介绍：直接引语是直接引述别人 的原话。间接引语是转述别人所说的话。veg .He said , “ I am glad to have a chance to talk with you . ”（直接引语）vHe said that he was glad to have a chance to talk with me .（间接引语）v（二）转换方法：vA. 直接引语是陈述句时，改成间接引语要作人称、 时态、时间状语、地点状语、指示代词、动词、呼 语等方面的变化。v1. 人称的变化，包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代 词等。vHe said , “ Ive
2、 left my book in your room . ” v他说：“我把我的书落在了你的房间。”vHe told me that he had left his book in my room . 他告诉我他把他的书落在了我的房间。vShe said , “ He will be busy . ” v她说，“他将很忙。”vShe said that he would be busy . 她说他将很忙。v2. 时态变化：如果主句的谓语动词是一般过 去时，若将直接引语变成间接引语，时态则 有如下变化。v直接引语变为间接引语v一般现在时改为一般过去时v现在进行时改为过去进行时v现在完成时改为过去
3、完成时v一般过去时改为过去完成时v过去完成时 过去完成时（不变）v一般将来时改为过去将来时v（1）He said , “ I usually do sport in the morning . ” v他说，“我经常在早晨锻炼身体。”v He said that he usually did sport in the morning . 他说他经常在早晨锻炼身体。v（2）Tom told me , “ I am playing computer games now . ” v 汤姆告诉我，“我现在正在打电子游戏。”v Tom told me that he was playing compute
4、r games then . v 汤姆告诉我他那时正在打电子游戏。v（3）She said , “ I have seen the interesting film . ” v 她说，“我已经看过那部有趣的电影了。”v She said that she had seen the interesting film . 她说她已经看过那部有趣的电影了。v（4）He told me , “ I travelled to several African countries . ” v 他告诉我，“我去过非洲的好几个国家旅游。”v He told me that he had travelled to
5、 several African countries .v 他告诉我他已去过非洲的好几个国家旅游。v5）Jack said to us , “ A group of foreigners will visit our school . ”v 杰克对我们说，“一个外国访问团将来我 校参观。”v Jack told us that a group of foreigners would visit our school .v 杰克告诉我们一个外国访问团将来我校参 观。v3. 时间状语的变化：v（1）nowthen（2）todaythat dayv（3）tonightthat night（4）thi
6、s weekthat weekv（5）yesterdaythe day before（6）yesterday eveningthe evening beforev（7）last weekthe week before （8）three days agothree days beforev（9）tomorrowthe next / following dayv（10）tomorrow morningthe next morningv（11）next weekthe next week（12）in two monthstwo months afterv（13）the day after tomor
7、rowtwo days laterv（1）They said , “ we are having an exam now . ” 他们说， “我们正在考试。”v They said that they were having an exam then . 他们说 那时他们正在考试。v（2）John told me , “ About 5,000 people went to the concert yesterday . ”v 约翰告诉我，“昨天大约有5000人去看音乐会了。”v John told me that about 5,000 people had been to the conc
8、ert the day before .v 约翰告诉我头一天大约有5000人去看了音乐会。v（3）The farmer said , “ we will have a good harvest next year . ”v 农民说，“明年我们将会有个大丰收。”v The farmer said that they would have a good harvest the next year .v 农民说他们转年将会有个大丰收。v 4. 地点状语的变化：vherethereveg .Mary said , “ we will have a press conference here tomor
9、row .”v玛丽说，“明天我们将在这里举办一个记者招 待会。”vMary said that they would have a press conference there the next day .v玛丽说他们明天将在那里举办一个记者招待 会。v5. 指示代词的变化：thisthat；thesethoseveg .（1）Mary said to me , “ You can take this book . ” 玛丽说，“你可以拿这本书。”v Mary told me that I could take that book . 玛丽 告诉我，我可以拿那本书。v（2）The teache
10、r said to Jack , “ You must copy these new words three times .” v 老师对杰克说，“你必须把这些新单词抄三遍。”v The teacher told Jack that he had to copy those new words three times .v 老师告诉杰克他必须把那些新单词抄三遍。v 6. 动词的变化：comego；bringtakeveg .（1）Uncle wang said , “ I will come to mend your machine next week . ”v 王叔叔说，“我下周将来修理你的
11、机器。”v Uncle wang said that he would go to mend my machine the next week .v 王叔叔说他转过周来将去修理我的机器。v（2）Mary said , “ Every time I go to my aunts , I will bring some fresh fruit to her .”v 玛丽说，“每次我去我的姑姑家，我都要给她带一些新鲜 的水果。”v Mary said that every time she went to her aunts , She would take some fresh fruit to
12、her . 玛丽说每一次她去她的 姑姑家，她都要给她带一些新鲜的水果。vB. 直接引语是疑问句时，要把疑问句语序变 为陈述句语序，同样地，主语的人称、时态 、状语等也要做相应的变化。v 直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引 语时，要用连词if或whether引导。v 直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引 语时，仍用原来的特殊疑问词来作连词。v 主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为 asked。v 没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语。 如me，him等。v 从句用陈述语序。veg .（1）He said , “ Do you understand ? ” v他问，“你理解吗？”v He aske
13、d me if / whether I understood . v他问我是否我理解了。v（2）He asked me , “ Which part of China impresses you most ? ”v 他问我，“中国的哪一个地方给你留下的 印象最深刻？”v He asked me which part of China impressed me most .v 他问我中国的哪一个地方给我留下的印象 最深刻。vC. 直接引语是祈使句时，间接引语可变为以下形式 ：v（1）He said to Dr. Bethune , “ Dont go on operating any more . ”v 他对白求恩大夫说，“不要再进行手术了。”v He told Dr. Bethune not to go on operating any more .v 他告诉白求恩大夫不要再进行手术了。v（2）She said to us , “ Please have a rest . ” v她对我们说，“请休息一下。”v She asked us to have a rest . v她请我们休息一下。
