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1、一个美丽的女孩 a beautiful girl（形容词作前置定语）一个穿白色衣服的女孩 a girl in whitein white（介词短语作后置定语）一个正唱歌的女孩 a girl is singing whois singing（定语从句，a girl为先行词）定语是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担当， 对名（代）词修饰和限制。名（代）词称为中心词。 形容词作定语一般前置，短语和从句作定语要后置， 翻译成“的”。另外名词、数词、非谓语动词（短语）、 介词短语也可以担当定语。Li Ming is a boy.Li Ming is a good boy .Li Ming is a
2、good boy .形容词作定语介词短语作定语在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句 叫做定语从句。goodwith glasseswho is wearing glasses 句子作定语先行词引导词(关系词）从句Mary is a girl who has long hair.（被修饰的名词或代 词）（跟在先行词后，引 导从句的词）修饰先行词的句子定语从句分析 结构：先行词+引导词+从句引导词的作用: (1)引导定语从句(2)在从句中作一成份(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置This is the card that Ive just received先行词引导词从句关系代词 关系副词who,th
3、at ,which ,whom, whose Where, when,why做题一般步骤步骤二步骤二步骤三步骤三In which = where 步骤一步骤一先行词house，带入句子This is the house_ I live.关系代词 关系副词先行词 句中作用省否who人主语/宾语 关系代 词在句中 作宾语可 以省略whom人宾语 which物主语宾语that人物主语宾语 whose人物定语 When时间状语 where地点状语 whyreason状语 关系代词who, whom的用法 who和whom均只用于指人，不用于指事或物，其 中who在定语从句中用作主语，whom在定语从句
4、 中用作宾语。如： I met a girl who knew your sister. 我碰到一个认识 你姐姐的姑娘。 In Berlin, he first met the woman whom he would one day marry. 在柏林，他第一次遇见那个女人 ，后来他终于跟她结了婚。 但是，用作宾语的whom如果不是紧跟在介词之后 ，通常会被省略或用who, that代之。如： The person to whom I complained is the manager. 我向他投诉的那个人是经理。 The person (who, whom, that) I complai
5、ned to is the manager. 我向他投诉的那个人是经理。关系代词的作用 关系代词whose的用法关系代词whose既可用于指人，也可用于指事或物 ，它在定语从句中主要用作定语。如： She is the woman whose car was stolen. 她就是汽 车被盗的女人。 This is the house whose windows were broken. 这就 是窗户被打破了的房子。 Mrs. Gray, whose children are in college, is trying to get a job. 格雷太太的孩子们都在上大学，她想找 一份工作。
6、 His house, whose windows were all broken, was a depressing sight. 他的房子窗户无一完好，一派令 人心酸的景象。关系代词which的用法which：只用于指事或物，不用于指人，它在定 语从句中主要用作主语或宾语。如： （1）She was not on the train which arrived just now.（ which 在句中作主语）她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。 （2）He never got back the money which he had lent him.他从未收回他曾借给他的那笔钱。（ which 在
7、句中作宾语） which在引导定语从句，作宾语是可以省略： Is this the book（ which ）you are looking for？ (look for寻找) 这是你要找的书吗？关系代词that用法 一、指人的用法 that用于指人，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如： A driver that has knocked someone down must stop. 撞人的司机必须停车。 He is the man that you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人。 He is not that man that he was. 他已
8、不是过去的他了。 二、指物的用法 that用于指物，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如： This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the afternoon. 这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。 She was annoyed by something that I had said. 她为我说的某句话而不高兴。 Shengzhen is not the city that it used to be. 深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。 The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy is Tom. The
9、 boy has a round face.The boy who is smiling is Tom.(主语)The boy who has a round face is Tom. The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.The man who sits in front of me is Tom. The woman got the job. The woman can speak Russian.The woman who can speak Russian got the job. The teacher will give us a talk.
10、 The teacher is famous.The teacher who is famous will give us a talk. The man is kind. Everyone likes him. The man (whom) everyone likes is kind.(宾语) The woman got the job. We saw her on the street. The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job. The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teache
11、r yesterday. The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk. Do you know the man? He came to visit you today.Do you know the man who came tovisit you today? Do you know the man? You will visit him today.Do you know the man whom you will visit today? Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat（山羊）. Th
12、e goat is eating her flowers. Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat which is eating her flowers. Can you lend me the book? You talked about it last night.Can you lend me the book (which) you talked about last night.关系词注意:从句中的谓语 动词要和先行 词保持一致that指人或物which指物who指人 1、当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (somet
13、hing 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等修饰时 (1) Have you taken down everything (that) Mr. Li has said? (2) There seems to be nothing (that) seems impossible for him in the world. (3) All that can be done has been done. (4) There is little (tha
14、t) I can do for you. 注意1：部分时候that可以省略，如部分例句将that用括号括住。 注意2：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who (4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing. that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。2、当先行词被序数词修饰 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 3、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best
15、film that I have seen. 4、当形容词被the very, the only，the same,the last ,any,little等修饰时 (1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy. (2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. 当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who ： (3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？ 5、当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时 (1) Who is the man that is standing there? (2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6、当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时 Can you r
