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1、关于小学英语语篇教学的思考与实践关于小学英语语篇教学的思考与实践北京教科院基教研中心外语室北京教科院基教研中心外语室王晓东王晓东对于对于” ”语篇语篇” ”和和” ”阅读阅读” ”的理解的理解 阅读教学阅读教学: :从技能的角度来看，与听、说、读写相对应从技能的角度来看，与听、说、读写相对应 语篇教学语篇教学：Language which has been produced as the result of Language which has been produced as the result of an act of communication. an act of communica
2、tion. Longman dictionary of language teaching and applied Longman dictionary of language teaching and applied linguisticslinguistics 语篇教学是相对于以词汇和句子结构为中心的教学而言。语篇是指实语篇教学是相对于以词汇和句子结构为中心的教学而言。语篇是指实 际使用的语言单位，是一次交际过程中的一系列连续的话段或句子所际使用的语言单位，是一次交际过程中的一系列连续的话段或句子所 构成的语言整体。它可以是对话，也可以是独白，它包括书面语，也构成的语言整体。它可以是对话，
3、也可以是独白，它包括书面语，也 包括口语。外语教学的最终目的是要使学生能用目的语来交流思想和包括口语。外语教学的最终目的是要使学生能用目的语来交流思想和 获取信息。思想的交流和信息的获取都是在一定的环境中进行的。这获取信息。思想的交流和信息的获取都是在一定的环境中进行的。这 种语言使用的环境既包括语言方面的知识，也包括文化背景、语用、种语言使用的环境既包括语言方面的知识，也包括文化背景、语用、 认知等方面的知识。认知等方面的知识。两种语言观点：两种语言观点： TOP-DOWN APPROACHTOP-DOWN APPROACH BOTTOM-UP APPROACHBOTTOM-UP APPRO
4、ACH阅读的目的阅读的目的总的目标总的目标reading to learnreading to learn 提供愉悦和快乐的体验提供愉悦和快乐的体验 搜寻有用的信息搜寻有用的信息 学习、发展和应用所学知识学习、发展和应用所学知识 发展思维发展思维 强化语言和拓展生活经历强化语言和拓展生活经历通过阅读教学培养的基本技能通过阅读教学培养的基本技能(sub-(sub- skills)skills) Predicting;Predicting; Reading for the main ideas;Reading for the main ideas; Reading for specific inf
5、ormation.Reading for specific information. Focus on the matters and problems.Focus on the matters and problems. See no words but ideas.See no words but ideas. Pick no sentences but meanings.Pick no sentences but meanings. Give up every detail which is not important. Give up every detail which is not
6、 important. Keep every detail which is important.Keep every detail which is important. Treat the text as a whole all the time. Treat the text as a whole all the time. HOLISTIC READING Study the language.Study the language. Focus on every detailed piece of Focus on every detailed piece of informatiom
7、informatiom. . Cover all the words or sentences one by one.Cover all the words or sentences one by one. Come from the pieces to the whole. Come from the pieces to the whole. Combine the words and their meanings.Combine the words and their meanings. Neglect the ideas sometimes.Neglect the ideas somet
8、imes.ANALYTIC READING 交流的几个问题交流的几个问题一、研究的背景一、研究的背景 uu英语教学的要求英语教学的要求 ; ; 既是内容又是手段既是内容又是手段 uu国家英语课程标准的要求国家英语课程标准的要求; ; uu 教材的安排教材的安排: : 北师大版、北师大版、 北京版、新起点、人教版、新标准北京版、新起点、人教版、新标准 二、研究的方式及对象二、研究的方式及对象 uu实践实践 总结总结 再实践再实践 uu三种类型的语篇材料三种类型的语篇材料 基于教学内容：基于教学内容：北师大版北师大版; ; 北京版北京版 基于课外学习材料基于课外学习材料( (相对稳定阅读材料相对稳
9、定阅读材料) ) 基于教材相关话题的补充材料基于教材相关话题的补充材料 三、中低、高年级阅读教学的特点和注意的问题三、中低、高年级阅读教学的特点和注意的问题 四、思考的问题四、思考的问题三、中低、高年级阅读教学的特点和注意的问题三、中低、高年级阅读教学的特点和注意的问题1.1.中、低年级阅读教学的特点和注意问题中、低年级阅读教学的特点和注意问题 StorytellingStorytelling 2.2.高年级阅读教学的特点和注意问题高年级阅读教学的特点和注意问题 Supported readingSupported reading1.storytelling(interactive readi
10、ng)1.storytelling(interactive reading) Purposes;Purposes; Techniques and Tips;Techniques and Tips; ProcedureProcedureStorytellingStorytellingPurposes:Purposes: Understand the structure of storiesUnderstand the structure of stories Develop skills in reading or listening for Develop skills in reading
11、or listening for meaningsmeanings Understand and respond to charactersUnderstand and respond to characters experiencesexperiences Learn how to talk about their own Learn how to talk about their own experiences and imaginative ideasexperiences and imaginative ideasTechniques and tipsTechniques and ti
12、ps Repetition and audience participation: Repetition and audience participation: notice any gestures or repeated phrasesnotice any gestures or repeated phrases find the clues for inviting audience find the clues for inviting audience participation. participation. have pupils repeat those gestures or
13、 have pupils repeat those gestures or phrases with you. phrases with you. invite pupils to sing and chant with you.invite pupils to sing and chant with you. involve your audience to take part in the involve your audience to take part in the storytellingstorytelling. .Techniques and tipsTechniques an
14、d tips Do not ask too may comprehension Do not ask too may comprehension questions at this stage. Ask only questions questions at this stage. Ask only questions that stimulate pupils to think more about that stimulate pupils to think more about the content.the content. Invite pupils to read the text
15、 with you.Invite pupils to read the text with you.2.Supported reading2.Supported reading Purposes;Purposes; Techniques and Tips;Techniques and Tips; ProcedureProcedurePurposes Purposes When pupils have acquired some skills and When pupils have acquired some skills and strategies in reading, they can
16、 try out and strategies in reading, they can try out and experience what real reading like within a experience what real reading like within a supported environment. Teachers can let supported environment. Teachers can let them take control of the first reading ,and them take control of the first reading ,a
