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1、主讲教师：姚洋Unit 4 Verbal CommunicationuCase analysisuCultural-loaded wordsuCultural reflections on proverbs and taboosuDifferences in cultural thought patternsuExercisesIdiom u“Careful with fire,” is good advice, we know; “Careful with words,” is ten times doubly so.“A beautiful woman”uFor a desert Arab
2、: 250 pound lovely woman.uFor an American: slim but big-busted lass. 170 pounds is skinny.uFor an Italian: 110 pounds is too skinny.u1磅 =454克=0.454公斤 =0.908斤 uWhat kind of woman will be conceded as a beautiful woman in our country?Cultural-Loaded wordsuCan we count on our dictionaries to give us the
3、 proper English for a Chinese term, or the proper Chinese for an English word?uIs the meaning of equivalent words exactly the same in both languages? Does “dragon” means the same to a westerner as “龙” to a Chinese?Cultural-Loaded wordsu龙：龙颜、龙袍、龙椅、龙心大喜udragon: monster u知识分子/intellectual(people of hig
4、h academic status, e.g. university professors )ucadre/干部(officialfunctionaryadministrator)u社会科学/social science (political science, economics, history, sociology)uhumanities(language, literature, philosophy etc.)Examples in our textbooku龙: totem with many royal associationuDragon: horrible, disgustin
5、g monstersu知识分子: people who have college educationuIntellectual: people of high academic status, intellectual is not always a complimentary term in the US, and it is sometimes used in a derogatory（贬义） sense.u干部:uCadre: a small group of trained people who form the basic unit of a military political o
6、r business organization. official/functionary/administratoru社会科学: all the fields except the ones in the natural sciences and applied science.uSocial science: covers a smaller area of learning. Political science, economics, history, and sociology.公与母 male for The Lord will not hold him guiltless who
7、takes His Name in vain.“ u实际生活中，出于对于宗教的敬畏，美国人往 往用委婉语“Oh my gosh”。u当提及耶稣基督时，往往不说“Jesus”而改用 “Jeepers”或不说“Christ“而说“Cripes”等近音词 。对“hell” “devil”等与宗教有关的词也会尽量 避讳。所以当你的确感到非常地气愤，想说 “What a hell”时，不妨改换成“What a heck”，这 样更合适。 u另外, 偶尔会听到“darn it”或“dang it” “dash it” 来代替“damn it”Differences in cultural thought
8、patternsuRead the story about a African student on P78.uEnglish native speakers express their thoughts with facts concerning the main topic.u西方人的思维是二元对立的，在他们的 世界里只有黑白，对错。很少有灰色地 带。但是我们中国人的思维通常比较辩 证，这样对，但是那样也可以。所以中 国人在和外国人说话的时候，外国人经 常说的是Dont beat round the bushCultural thought patternuU.S.: factual-in
9、ductive(ascertain facts, find similarities, formulate conclusions)uformer Soviet Union: axiomatic-deductive (move from general principle to particulars)uArab : intuitive-affective (facts are secondary to emotions)不同文化下的人的不同思维方式 See figure 4.1u英国人：直接的、线性的u闪族人：间接相关与半直接相结合u东方人：循环、迂回论证u罗曼人：固守的迂回u俄罗斯人：直接
10、中又带着隐晦和迂回u西方文化多是推论演绎的论证方式u而东方文化更多倾向于把情感带入论证中。u差异体现在，理胜于情 还是 情胜于理。uIn other societies, people think and express in different ways. This means taking one step back from ones values and cherished beliefs, which is far from easy.Research QuestionuDifferent colors have different associations in different
11、 languages. Please make a close study of some color words between Chinese and English.Case study and discussionuCase 1 Shoes for street walkinguWhy do English-speaking tourists break out into laughter after they red the sign?uWhats the real meaning of “a street walker” & “to have a fit”?uStreet walk
12、er=妓女uTo have a fit= 大发脾气、大吃一惊u其他容易“误会”的词语：uAmerican beauty是“红蔷薇”,而不是“美国美人”。 ugo Dutch是“各人自己付钱”，而不是“去荷兰”。uAmerican plan是“食宿一费制”，而不是“美洲计划”。uCase 2 A misunderstanding caused by a jokeWhy did this 2 people misunderstand each other?What will you do if you were in this situation?uHustle:1、强迫、打扰。2、欺骗、卖淫、勾
13、搭。uForeign language learners should pay special attention to the slang and idiomatic expressions used by native speakers.uMeanings will very depending on the context.uCase 3 Look out!What does “look out” mean in this case?Could you give a similar case like this?uLook out:1.向外看 2、小心、当心u类似look out一样容易被误解的表达：Watch out 小心Look after 照看Look up 查找
