AB级语法语法：名词Nouns 名词名词是人、动物、事物、地方、状态 、品质或动作的名称例如：desk桌子，time时间，life生活 ，book书本，honesty诚实，worker 工人，pen铅笔，computer计算机， room房间在英语中，名词是最重要的词类之一 名词有以下特征： l有复数-s或-es的曲折变化形式，多数名词 都有这种复数形式 l与冠词（包括零冠词）或其他限定词连用 l有固定的词序在陈述句中，名词作主语 时一般位于谓语动词之前，作宾语时一般 位于谓语动词之后 l有独特的后缀形式许多名词的派生后缀 非常明显，容易识别如：Jack has three cats and one dog. 如：The teacher asked him to read the text. 如： The cat eats the fish. -er worker, writer, reader, manager -or actor, editor, professor, tractor -ment agreement, movement, amusement, government -ness goodness, illness, happiness, coldness -ion decision, competition, foundation, construction -ity reality, purity, flexibility, complexity -ance (-ence) performance, assistance, independence, existence -ure failure, departure, exposure, seizure -al arrival, approval, denial, refusal 名词的种类名词的种类如下图：一、名词可根据其意义分为专有名词和普通 名词1.专有名词（proper noun）：表示具体的 人，事物，地点或机构的专有名称。
如， China中国，Asia亚洲 2. 普通名词（common noun）:表示某些 人，某类事物，某种物质或抽象概念的名 称如：student学生，tea茶普通名词又可分为四类: 个体名词（individual nouns）: horse, fan, picture 集体名词（collective nouns）:army, government, group 物质名词（material nouns）: fire, steel, air 抽象名词（abstract nouns）:health, friendship, patience 有些集体名词如被看作整体时就作单数用， 如被看作集体中各个成员时就作复数用. Eg.: My family is a small one. His family are waiting for him.“people”通常视为person的复数形式， 作“民族”解时则有复数形式（peoples）二、名词又可根据其可数性分为可数名词（ countable nouns）和不可数名词（uncountable nouns）l可数名词：单数和复数两种形式，表示一个人或事 物用单数形式，表示一个以上的人或事物用复数形 式。
l不可数名词：不分单复数；抽象名词、物质名词和 专有名词一般是不可数名词有少数名词既可以作名词，也可作不可数名词，但 含义不同名词的复数名词的格名词的属格表示所有等关系它有两种不同的形式：l一是由名词末尾加“-s”构成（有“-s”或“- es”的复形名词末尾只加省略号 ’ ）；l二是由介词of加名词构成，前者多用来表 示有生命的东西，后者多用来表示无生命 的东西 名词所有格的规则如下：l1.单数名词词尾加“s”，复数名词词尾没有 s,也要加“s”如，the boy’s bag, men’s room l2. 若名词词尾加已经有复数词尾s，只加 ’ 如，the workers’ struggle l3. 凡不能加“s”的名词，都可以用“名词 + of + 名词”的结构来表示所有关系，如，the name of the songl4. 在表示店铺或教堂的名词，或某人的家 时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修 饰的名词，如，at my uncle’s, the doctor’s l5. 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有’s，则 表示“分别有”；只有一个’s.则表示“共有” 如，John’s and Mary’s rooms. John and Mary’s room.l6. 复合名词或短语，’s加在最后一个词的 词尾。
如，a month or two’s absence.Exercises l1. What’s wrong with my son’s ________?He can’t see things clearlyveyes B. ears C. mouth D. nosel2．The Alps（阿尔卑斯山） an area of 200,000 square kilometers.A. is B. are C. has D. havel3． A pair of glasses what I need at the moment.vis B. are C. has D. havel4. we live in the Western .A. Beijing’s outskirt B. Beijing’s outskirts C. outskirt of Beijing D. outskirts of Beijingl5.Five pounds as much as it used to.vdon’t buy B. doesn’t buy C. are buying D. is buyingl6. plastics are made in this chemical works. A. Many kind of B. Many kinds of C. Many kinds D. Many kindl7.“Lao wang has just moved into a new flat.” “Did he have to buy for it?” A. many new furniture(家具) B. much new furnitures C. much new furniture D. many new furnituresl8. changed; whatever men can do, women can do too.A. The time has B. The times C. Times have D. Timesl9.He has on his farm. A.20 head of cattles B.20 heads of cattles C.20 heads of cattle D.20 head of cattlel10.I wish I could give you . A. many advice B. much advice C. Many advices D. a lot of advicesl11.If you go to the hills, you will see there. A. much fine scenery B. few fine sceneries C. a few fine sceneries D. many fine sceneriesl12.The news of the losses suffered by our enemy_____ much worse than expected.A. was B. were C. are D. has语法：连词Conjunctions l连词，主要是包括并列连词和从属连 词。
在句子中，连词起连接词与词、 短语与短语及句子和句子的作用它 本身在句子里不单独做句子成分 l连词主要分为两大类：并列连词和从属连词l并列连词：是用来连接语法地位相同 的结构、相同的单词、短语及句子l并列连词有：and, but, or, nor, so, for yet, however, as well as, both.and, not only.but also, either.or, neither.nor, still等l从属连词：用来引导状语从句 l从属连词有：after, when, before, as, while, since, until, till, if, unless, lest, because, than, that, whether, so that, in order that, as if, as though, although, suppose that, provided, that, as.as, now that, such.that, in case that, on condition that等Exercises l1 My aunt asks whether I like a woolen sweater _________ a cotton one.A. but B. or C. and D. notl2 Either Mary ___ Lucy told him to come to see us.A. or B. and C. with D. nor l3 Hurry up, ____ we'll be late for the film.A. and B. but C. so D. or l4 We ran to the trees, ___ we couldn't see any more monkeys.A. but B. so C. and D. forl5 ___ Li Ping ___ Wu Fang ___ League members. vNeither; nor; are B. Either; nor; is C. Both; and; are D. Neither; or; isl6 You can ____ stay at home ____ go out to play. veither; or B. so; that C. neither; and D. both; andl7 ____ Wei Hua ___ Ann____ very busy.vBoth; and; is B. So; and; is C. Either; or; is D. So; that; arel8 ___ Monday___ Tuesday is OK, I will be free then.vEither; or B. Neither; nor C. So; that D. Both; and l9 ___ my 。