瞬间动词与延续性动词

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1、“ “瞬间动词瞬间动词( (也叫也叫 短暂动词短暂动词 )” )” 和和 “ “延续性动词延续性动词” ” 1 1、瞬间动词：瞬间动词：从从“ “开始开始发生发生” ”到到 “ “结束结束/ /终止终止” ”：几乎同时几乎同时或在或在极短的时间里极短的时间里（如（如 几秒钟几秒钟/ /几分钟内几分钟内 ）就完成）就完成 了了“ “开始开始结束结束” ”的过程，如的过程，如 “ “CloseClose the door”, “ the door”, “OpenOpen the the door”door”有些瞬间动词的有些瞬间动词的“ “开始开始结束的过程结束的过程” ” 可能稍微长一些可能稍微

2、长一些， 但也不会很长的，如但也不会很长的，如, ,“buy “buy sthsth（买下）买下）” ”：付了款、拿了发票即完成了。：付了款、拿了发票即完成了。所以，所以， “ “我买了这块手表我买了这块手表5 5年了年了” ”，在汉语中说的通在汉语中说的通，但英，但英 语的表达就不能说：语的表达就不能说：I I have boughthave bought the watch the watch for five yearsfor five years. .buy buy sthsth - have - have sthsth ( (拥有拥有)-)-have/has + hadhave/ha

3、s + had sthsth forforA: I A: I have hadhave had the watch the watch forfor 5 years. 5 years.B: B: It It is is (has been) five years (has been) five years sincesince I I bought bought the watch. the watch. C: I C: I boughtbought it it 5 years ago.5 years ago. 同理，同理， “ “borrowborrow sthsth” “” “借书借书”

4、”在办理了相关的在办理了相关的 登记登记 手续后就手续后就 结束了，不可能结束了，不可能“ “借借” ” 几个星期几个星期 或好几年的或好几年的 ！ 汉语汉语“ “这本书我已经借用了这本书我已经借用了2 2星期了。星期了。” ” 的意思是：的意思是：“ “我两周前我两周前 （borrowed borrowed it it），（），（在归还前）现在在归还前）现在 它还在我手里（它还在我手里（I I still havestill have it or I it or Im still readingm still reading it. it. ）Right or Wrong?Right or

5、Wrong?A: I A: I have borrowedhave borrowed the book the book for for two weeks. two weeks. B: I B: I have had / kepthave had / kept it it forfor two weeks. two weeks.C: C: ItsIts 2 weeks 2 weeks sincesince I I borrowed borrowed it. it.D: I D: I borrowed borrowed it 2 weeks it 2 weeks agoago. . (Wron

6、g)(Wrong)(Right(Right) )(Right(Right) )(Right(Right) )瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表 示一段时间的状语连用。如可说示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“ “He has leftHe has left.” .”但不但不 能说能说“ “He has left for three yearsHe has left for three years.” .” 如果要表达如果要表达“ “他他 已走了三年了已走了三年了” ”可用以下几种表达法：可用以下几种表达法： 一、用一、用ago,ago,使用一般过去时。使用一

7、般过去时。He left here three years agoHe left here three years ago. . 二、用二、用“ “It is +It is +一段时间一段时间since since 一般过去时从句一般过去时从句 ” ”It is three years since he left here.It is three years since he left here. 三、用三、用“ “ 一段时间一段时间have/ has passed + since + have/ has passed + since + 一一 般过去时从句般过去时从句” ” Three ye

8、ars have passed since he left here.Three years have passed since he left here.以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词。以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词。另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部分另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部分 瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延续的瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延续的 动词或者表状态的动词或者表状态的be+be+名词形容词或副词介词名词形容词或副词介词 短语等。短语等。1. 1.直接转化成延续性动词直接转化成延续性动词buy catch (get) a cold b

9、uy catch (get) a cold borrow/lend come/go /become borrow/lend come/go /become havehavehave a coldhave a coldkeepkeepbebe put onput onwearweare.g.e.g.这本书我买了三个月了。这本书我买了三个月了。 I have bought this book for three months.I have bought this book for three months.x xhadhad_ 2. 2.转换成转换成be+be+名词名词/ /介词短语介词短语joi

10、n the army join the army join the Party join the Party go to school go to school be a soldierbe a soldierbe a Party member be a Party memberbe a studentbe a student3 3转换成转换成be+be+形容词或副词形容词或副词die finish begin/start die finish begin/start leave fall asleep/ill leave fall asleep/ill close openclose ope

11、nbe deadbe deadbe overbe overbe onbe onbe awaybe away from(from(地点地点) )be asleepbe asleep/ /ill ill be closed be closedbe openbe opengo outgo outbe outbe out get upget upbe upbe upe.g.e.g.他去世五年了。他去世五年了。 He has died for five years.He has died for five years. been deadbeen dead_x xbe be inin school sc

12、hool/ / be be inin the army the army/ / be be in in the Partythe Partyarrive/come/reacharrive/come/reach be in be in / /at at + +地点地点 staystaye.g.e.g.他自从他自从19851985就参军了。就参军了。He He has been a soldierhas been a soldier since 1985. since 1985.He He has been in the armyhas been in the army since 1985. s

13、ince 1985. .我们买这本书三年了我们买这本书三年了. .We We have hadhave had the book the book for three yearsfor three years. .他感冒三天了他感冒三天了. .He He has hadhas had a cold for three days. a cold for three days.We We boughtbought the book the book three years agothree years ago. . HeHe caught caught a cold three days ago.

14、 a cold three days ago.一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句自从上星期以来自从上星期以来, ,我就借了这本书我就借了这本书. .I I have kepthave kept the book since last week. the book since last week.我成为一个学生两年多了我成为一个学生两年多了. .I I have beenhave been a student for over two years. a student for over two years.I I borrowedborrowed t

15、he book last week. the book last week.I Ibecame became a student two years ago. a student two years ago. MrMr Black Black死了三年了。死了三年了。MrMr Black Black has been deadhas been dead for three years. for three years.MrMr Black Black died died three years ago.three years ago.小明参军半年了。小明参军半年了。Xiao Ming Xiao Ming has been a soldierhas been a soldier for half a year. for half a year.Xiao Ming Xiao Ming joined joined the army half a year ago.the army half a year