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1、Understanding the Theory and Design of OrganizationsChapter One: Organizations and Organization Theory1 1國立交通大學國立交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系運輸科技與管理學系 呂明頴呂明頴Resumel姓名l學歷l經歷2 2國立交通大學國立交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系運輸科技與管理學系 呂明頴呂明頴OutlinelOrganization Theory in ActionlWhat is an Organization?lPerspectives on OrganizationslDimensio
2、ns of Organization DesignlThe Evolution of Organization Theory and DesignlFramework for the book3 3國立交通大學國立交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系運輸科技與管理學系 呂明頴呂明頴Organization Theory in ActionlTopiclBe illustrated in the Xerox caselCurrent ChallengeslGlobalizationlEthics and Social ResponsibilitylSpeed of ResponsivenesslThe
3、Digital WorkplacelDiversitylPurpose of This Chapter4 4國立交通大學國立交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系運輸科技與管理學系 呂明頴呂明頴What is an Organization?lDefinitionlOrganizations are social entities that are goal directed, with deliberately structured activity systems, and with a link to the external environmentlTypes of Organizationsl
4、Large and Henry Mintzberg, “Organization Design: Fashion or Fit?” Harvard Business Review 59 (Jan. Feb. 1981): 103-116.1010國立交通大學國立交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系運輸科技與管理學系 呂明頴呂明頴Dimensions of Organization DesignlStructural DimensionslFormalizationlSpecializationlHierarchy of AuthoritylCentralizationlProfessionalisml
5、Personnel RatioslContextual DimensionslSizelOrganizational technologylEnvironmentlGoals and StrategylCulture1111國立交通大學國立交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系運輸科技與管理學系 呂明頴呂明頴Goals andStrategy EnvironmentSizeCulture TechnologyStructure1.Formalization 2.Specialization 3.Hierarchy of Authority 4.Centralization 5.Professionali
6、sm 6.Personnel Ratios1212國立交通大學國立交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系運輸科技與管理學系 呂明頴呂明頴Organization Chart Illustrating the Hierarchy of Authority for a Community Job Training ProgramBoard of DirectorsAssistant Executive Director for Human ServicesExecutive CommitteeExecutive DirectorAdvisory CommitteeDirector Economic Dev.
7、Assistant Executive Director for Community ServiceDirector Reg. PlanningDirector HousingDirector Criminal JusticeDirector FinanceDirector AAADirector CETASecretaryLead CounselLead CounselAsst. Director FinanceRecords ClerkSecretaryAdm. AsstPayroll ClerkSecretaryMIS SpecialistStaff ClerkAdm. Asst.Alc
8、ohol Coord.Public Info Coord.Account.Contract Fiscal ManagerCETA Couns. Devs. Title II D &VI&VIICETA PlannerHousing Coord.CETA Couns. Devs. Title II ABCCETA Intake & OrientCETA Couns. Devs. Youth IVProgram Spec. AAAProgram Planner AAALevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 51313國立交通大學國立交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系運輸科技與
9、管理學系 呂明頴呂明頴Characteristics of Three OrganizationsTECHNOLOGY Manufacturing Retailing GovernmentServiceSIZE (#employees) 6,000 250,000 351414國立交通大學國立交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系運輸科技與管理學系 呂明頴呂明頴Dimensions of Organization DesignlPerformance and Effectiveness OutcomeslLearn to be efficient and effectivelMust consider
10、its stakeholder1515國立交通大學國立交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系運輸科技與管理學系 呂明頴呂明頴Major Stakeholder Groups and What They Expect1616國立交通大學國立交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系運輸科技與管理學系 呂明頴呂明頴The Evolution of Organization Theory and DesignlHistorical PerspectiveslEfficiency is everythinglHow to get organizedlWhat about peoplelDont forget the envi
11、ronment1717國立交通大學國立交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系運輸科技與管理學系 呂明頴呂明頴The Evolution of Organization Theory and DesignlContemporary Organization DesignlThe environment for todays companies is anything but stable.lMany organizations are shifting to flexible, decentralized structures that emphasize horizontal collaboration
12、 and widespread information sharing.1818國立交通大學國立交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系運輸科技與管理學系 呂明頴呂明頴The Evolution of Organization Theory and DesignlEffective Performance versus the Learning OrganizationlFrom Vertical to Horizontal StructurelFrom Routine Tasks to Empowered RoleslFrom Formal Control Systems to Shared Infor
13、mationlFrom Competitive to Collaborative StrategylFrom Rigid to Adaptive Culture1919國立交通大學國立交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系運輸科技與管理學系 呂明頴呂明頴Two Organization Design ApproachesVertical StructureRoutine TasksRigid CultureCompetitive StrategyFormal SystemsHorizontal StructureAdaptive CultureEmpowered RolesCollaborative S
14、trategyShared InformationOrganizational Change in the Service of PerformanceMechanical System DesignNatural System DesignStable Environment Efficient PerformanceTurbulent Environment Learning OrganizationSource: Adapted from David K. Hurst, Crisis and Renewal: Meeting the Challenge of Organizational
15、 Change (Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School)2020國立交通大學國立交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系運輸科技與管理學系 呂明頴呂明頴Framework for the booklLevels of AnalysislOrganizational theory emphasizes the whole organization as a unit.lOrganization behavior focusing on individuals within organizations.lMeso theory concerns the integration of both micro and macro levels of analysis.2121國立交通大學國立交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系運輸科技與管理學系 呂明頴呂明頴Framework for the booklPlan of the BooklBasic idea of organizationslThe role of top managementlHow to Design organization structurelProcesses inside the organization2222Thank you!2323
