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1、 一名词 I. 名词的种类：专专有名词词普通名词词国名.地名. 人名， 团团体.机构 名称可数名词词不可数名词词个体名 词词集体名词词 抽象名词词物质质名 词词II. 名词的数： 1. 规则名词的复数形式： 名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构 成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则规则例词词1一般情况在词词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh结结尾的名词词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结结 尾的词词变变
2、-f和-fe为为v再加- esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives加-sbelief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs4以辅辅音字母加y结结尾的名词词，变变 y为为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story- stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y结结尾的 名词词，或专专有名词词以y 结结尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day- days
3、, ray-rays, Henry- Henrys6以辅辅音 字母加 -o结结尾 的名词词一般加-eshero-heroes, Negro- Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词词 加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo- solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano- volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加-o结结尾 的名词词加-sradio-radios, bamboo- bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th
4、结结尾的名词词加-struth-truths, mouth- mouths, month-months, path-paths,2. 不规则名词复数： 英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则规则例词词1改变变名词词中的元音字母或其 他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2 单单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, 3 只有复数形式trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses,
5、 contents4 一些集体名词总词总 是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff5部分集体名词词既可以作单单数 （整体）也可以作复数（ 成员员）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party6复数形式表示特别别含义义customs(海关), forces(军队军队 ), times(时时代), spirits(情绪绪), drinks(饮饮料), sands(沙滩滩), papers(
6、文件报纸报纸 ), manners(礼貌), looks( 外表), brains(头脑头脑 智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废废墟)7表示 “某 国人 ”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman结结尾 的改为为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成 名词词将主体名词变为词变为 复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, s
7、tory- tellers, boy friends无主体名词时词时 将最后一 部分变为变为 复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为变为 复数women singers, men servantsIII. 名词的所有格： 名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分 两种：一是名词词尾加s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多 表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。 1. s所有格的构成：单单数名词词在末尾加sthe boys father, Jacks book, her son-in-laws photo,复数名词词一般在末尾加
8、the teachers room, the twins mother, 不规则规则 复数名词词后加sthe childrens toys, womens rights, 以s结结尾的人名所有格加s或者Dickens novels, Charless job, the Smiths house表示各自的所有关系时时,各名词词末 尾均须须加sJapans and Americas problems, Janes and Marys bikes表示共有的所有关系时时在最后一词词 末加sJapan and Americas problems, Jane and Marys father表示某人家店铺
9、铺，所有格 后名词词省略the doctors, the barbers, the tailors, my uncles2. s所有格的用法：表示时间时间todays newspaper, five weeks holiday 2表示自然现现象the earths atmosphere, the trees branches3表示国家城市等地 方的名词词the countrys plan, the worlds population, Chinas industry4表示工作群体the ships crew, majoritys view, the teams victory5表示度量衡及价值
10、值a miles journey, five dollars worth of apples6与人类类活动动有特殊 关系的名词词the lifes time, the plays plot7某些固定词组词组a birds eye view, a stones throw, at ones wits end(不知所措)3. of所有格的用法：讲到此处 用于无生命的东西： the legs of the chair, the cover of the book 用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定 语时：the classrooms of the first- year students 用于名词化的
11、词： the struggle of the oppressed二冠词 冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。 I. 不定冠词的用法：1指一类类人或事，相当于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.3表示“每一”相当于every，oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示“相同”相当于the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不认识认识 此人或 与某名人有类类似性质质的人或事A Mr.
12、Smith came to visit you when you were out That boy is rather a Lei Feng.6用于固定词组词组 中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8用于so(as, too, how)+形容词词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to me
13、et.II. 定冠词词的用法：1表示某一类类人或物The horse is a useful animal.2用于世上独一无二的事物名词词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示说话说话 双方都了解的或上文提到过过的人或 事Would you mind opening the door? 4用于乐乐器前面play the violin, play the guitar5用于形容词词和分词词前表示一类类人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫妇妇”the Greens, the Wangs7用于
14、序数词词和形容词词副词词比较级较级 最高级级前He is the taller of the two children.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛岛的 名词词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9用于表示发发明物的单单数名词词前The compass was invented in China.10在逢十的复数数词词之前，指世纪纪的某个年代in the 1990s11用于表示单单位的名词词前I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名词词，身体部位名词词，及表示时间时间 的
15、词组词组 前He patted me on the shoulder.III. 零冠词词的用法：1专专有名词词，物质质名词词，抽象名词词 ，人名地名等名词词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2名词词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?3季节节，月份，星期，节节假日，一 日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示职职位，身份，头衔头衔 的名词词前L
16、incoln was made President of America.5学科，语语言，球类类，棋类类名词词前He likes playing football/chess.6与by连连用表示交通工具的名词词前by train, by air, by land7以and连连接的两个相对对的名词词并 用时时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8 表示泛指的复数名词词前Horses are useful animals.三代词词： I. 代词词可以分为为以下七大类类：1人称 代词词主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they宾宾格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them2 物主 代词词形容词词 性my, your, his, her, its, our, their名词词性mine, yours,
