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1、English Summary1. The electromagnetic spectrumGamma RaysX- RaysUltra violetV Infra- redMicro -wavesRadio -waveslongshortWave length380nmviolet-blue780nmdeep-red12. Law of Rectilinear propagationLight as it advances through free space or through homogeneous, isotropic matter follows a beeline. (a dir
2、ect straight course).Example: Shadows23. The Law of ReflectionA light ray striking a reflecting surface and reflected from it makes equal angles with the normal to the surface at the point of incidence, I=-Iand the incoming ray, the outgoing ray, and the normal to the surface at the point of interse
3、ction all lie in the same plane.34. The Law of RefractionThe angle made by the incident ray, that made by the refracted ray, and the surface normal at the point of incidence in a refractive process obey the expressionnsinI=nsinIThe incident ray, the refracted ray, and the surface normal are all copl
4、anar.45. Total Internal Reflectionnormal Incident rayRefracted rayDenser mediumRarer mediumCritical angleSurface6. Fermat principleLight takes the path that requires the least time.57. Key words and conceptImage space extends from infinity on one side to infinity on the other. The same holds for the
5、 object space; both completely overlap. Whether a given point is in the object space or the image space depends on whether it is part of a ray before or after refraction. If a given point is in the object space, it is a point object, otherwise it is a point image. 6Homework1. In ancient times the re
6、ctilinear propagation of light was used to measure the height of objects by comparing the length of their shadows with the length of the shadow of an object of known length. A staff 2m long when held erect casts a shadow 3.4 m long, while a buildings shadow is 170 m long. How tall is the building? 2
7、. Light from a water medium with n=1.33 is incident upon a water-glass interface at an angle of 45o . The glass index is 1.50. What angle does the light make with the normal in the glass? P12 42) the microscope is used for visual observation.P140-3&655Supplementary materials1. Digital cameraA/DMPU内存
8、LCDPC卡接口成像物镜CCD数码相机的成像过程工作原理颜色的形成分色棱镜覆盖转轮指标像素数颜色深度56Supplementary materialsR G R G R G R G G B G B G B G B R G R G R G R G G B G B G B G B R G R G R G R G G B G B G B G B R G R G R G R G G B G B G B G BR G B G B G B G G R G B G R G B R G B G R G B G G R G B G R G B R G B G R G B G G R G B G R G B R
9、G B G R G B G G R G B G R G BBAYER编码三色编码57HomeworkClassification of camera lenses:1)Tessar camera lens (most widely used) 2) Telephoto lens3) Wide-angle lens, fisheye lens ,sky lens4) A zoom lensP140-5&758Brief history of laserThe word LASER is an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emissi
10、on of radiation. In 1916, Einstein predicted that the existence of equilibrium between matter and electromagnetic radiation required that besides emission and absorption there must be a third process, now called stimulated emission.59This prediction attracted little attention until 1954, when Townes
11、 and coworkers developed a microwave amplifier (Maser) .In 1958, Schawlow and Townes showed that the maser principle could be extended into the visible region.In 1960, Maiman built the first laser using ruby as the active medium.Brief history of laser60Compared to radiation from other sources, laser
12、 radiation stands out in several ways. It has a particular beam shape and divergence. It is highly coherent, both spatially and temporally. It is eminently suited to produce interference. Special characteristic61Often it is polarized as soon as it leaves the laser cavity.It can be generated in the f
13、orm of very short pulses, at high powers and because of its high spatial coherence, at very high power densities.Special characteristic62Keywords and concept1. OTF (Optical Transfer Function)It is the ratio of the Fourier transform of the light distribution in the image to the Fourier transform of t
14、he light distribution in the object.It is used to describe the degradation of an image of different space frequencies.OTF=MTFei632. MTF (Modulation Transfer Function)It is the ratio of the modulation in the image to modulation in the object.It varies as a function of spatial frequency.A perfect lens
15、 should have a modulation transfer factor of a unity at all frequencies. In fact, MTF is close to unity at low space frequencies, and declines at higher frequencies.Keywords and concept643. PTF (Phase Transfer Function)It varies as a function of spatial frequency.A perfect lens should have a phase t
16、ransfer factor of 0 at all frequencies. In fact, PTF is close to 0 at low space frequencies, and increases at higher frequencies.Keywords and concept654. Spatial frequencyIt refers to the number of lines within a given length. The higher the spatial frequency that a given optical system can resolve, the better the system is.5. Time frequency6. Rayleighs criterionKeywords and concept66
