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1、 Section 2Basic Sentence Pattern1.SVi .The plane took off an hour ago. .Peoples standards of living are going up steadily . 2.SVCs .Without suitable preservation, food goes bad easily . His talk was long but interesting . These umbrellas are theirs.3.SVtO The object is a noun or a pronoun or gerund
2、phrase, infinite phrase, or a clause. .In order to lose weight, Susan avoids overeating every day. .He hoped to major in Master Degree while taking part-time jobs. .Would you mind filling out this application form? 4.SVtOO .He gave the inspector his passport. .Can you advise me which medicine to tak
3、e? .The boss accorded him a hearty reception in the new sales promotion campaign . 5.SVtOCo .She found the English poem difficult . .They encouraged us to air our views . .Please get your blood tested in the next room.Section 3 Expansion of Basic Sentence PatternsBasic :The woman stood.The short ,wr
4、inkled old woman who was wearing a jacket stood behind the counter reading a fishing magazine . 1.Expansion by modification Reluctantly ,I agreed to rewrite the proposal . To be economically prosperous ,China will carry out more flexible policies of opening to the outside world. .We must adapt our t
5、hinking to the changed condition. 2.Expansion by substitution It is generally accepted today that television has a great influence on human society .There is no denying that this has been a difficult year for the company .3. Expansion by coordination He enjoys dances , parties and concerts. The thre
6、e most common purposes of writing are to inform ,to entertain and to persuade . 4.Expansion by subordination Fortunately ,we have statistics software that will do all the calculations . Business is so competitive nowadays that we must improve our efficiency .Section 4Common Sentence Errors 1.Sentenc
7、e fragments 1).no subject or predicate verb .The supermarket that was built five years ago, and we often do some shopping there .Take the money back . I dont want. Mark Twain whose experience as a sailor on the Mississippi provided him with abundant materials for the novels he was to write . 2)Phras
8、e fragments . I plan on working over time . To get this job finished . Otherwise , my boss may get angry at me .spent two hours on the phone yesterday . Trying to find a garage to have my car repaired .3)Clause fragments .Smokers claim the right to smoke in public places. While nonsmokers claim the
9、right to clean air.2. Run-on sentences1)comma splice . Human nature is seldom as simple as it appears ,hasty judgments are therefore often wrong. . Several textile firms have to close down, therefore there was widespread unemployment in these areas.2)Fused sentence. The local tire plant shut down fo
10、r the holiday everyone had two weeks off.We walked over to the waterfall slowly then we sat down to admire the beauty of the falls.3. Improperly placed modifiers 1)Misplaced modifiers .George couldnt drive to work in his small car with a broken leg . The supervisor told me that they needed someone w
11、ho could use both Excel and WordPerfect badly .2)Dangling modifiers .After finishing her composition ,the translation exercise was taken up .To look at a map ,the importance of this new railway will be seen .4. Faulty parallelism .He is a man of action ,decision and who is very bright . .After the c
12、amping trip I was exhausted ,irritable and wanted to eat .Delivery of consignments can be carried on by airway ,by waterway ,by railway and transporting .They coach told them either to concentrate during practice or that they should quit the team. Section 5Effective Sentences 1.Unity .We paid a port
13、er two dollars for taking our luggage to our rooms ,and the hotel lobby was very elegant .The explorer who has just returned from the Antarctic is busy writing reports on his adventures on that ice-covered continent ,where he did not see animals except penguins . .2.Coherence . He gave a reason for
14、not attending the meeting ,which nobody believed .A comparison between the city and the town would be the ideal place to live .Improved : .He gave a reason ,which nobody believed, for not attending the meeting .A community that offered the best qualities of both city and town would be the ideal plac
15、e to live .Cheerleaders always have and always will do their beat to stimulate enthusiasm at the games .Mr. and Mrs. Green have confidence and ambition for their son .I had more respect for Mr. Williams than his wife .3.Consistency 1)Consistency in person and number .Those who hope time visit the wo
16、rkshop please fill his name in the form.2) Consistency in verb tense.For years I have been attending summer camp and enjoyed every minute of it .3) Consistency in mood . Pay your taxes and you should be honest .They insisted that the money be collected and that a receipt is given in return .He proposed that she read through the catalogue , and she places a trial order at first .4)Consist
