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1、Understanding the Theory and Design of Organizations1 1Resumel姓名l學歷l經歷2 2OutlinelOrganization Theory in ActionlWhat is an Organization?lPerspectives on OrganizationslDimensions of Organization DesignlThe Evolution of Organization Theory and DesignlFramework for the book3 3Organization Theory in Acti
2、onlTopiclBe illustrated in the Xerox caselCurrent ChallengeslGlobalizationlEthics and Social ResponsibilitylSpeed of ResponsivenesslThe Digital WorkplacelDiversitylPurpose of This Chapter4 4What is an Organization?lDefinitionlOrganizations are social entities that are goal directed, with deliberatel
3、y structured activity systems, and with a link to the external environmentlTypes of OrganizationslLarge and Henry Mintzberg, “Organization Design: Fashion or Fit?” Harvard Business Review 59 (Jan. Feb. 1981): 103-116.1010Dimensions of Organization DesignlStructural DimensionslFormalizationlSpecializ
4、ationlHierarchy of AuthoritylCentralizationlProfessionalismlPersonnel RatioslContextual DimensionslSizelOrganizational technologylEnvironmentlGoals and StrategylCulture1111Goals andStrategy EnvironmentSizeCulture TechnologyStructure1.Formalization 2.Specialization 3.Hierarchy of Authority 4.Centrali
5、zation 5.Professionalism 6.Personnel Ratios1212Organization Chart Illustrating the Hierarchy of Authority for a Community Job Training ProgramBoard of DirectorsAssistant Executive Director for Human ServicesExecutive CommitteeExecutive DirectorAdvisory CommitteeDirector Economic Dev.Assistant Execut
6、ive Director for Community ServiceDirector Reg. PlanningDirector HousingDirector Criminal JusticeDirector FinanceDirector AAADirector CETASecretaryLead CounselLead CounselAsst. Director FinanceRecords ClerkSecretaryAdm. AsstPayroll ClerkSecretaryMIS SpecialistStaff ClerkAdm. Asst.Alcohol Coord.Publi
7、c Info Coord.Account.Contract Fiscal ManagerCETA Couns. Devs. Title II D &VI&VIICETA PlannerHousing Coord.CETA Couns. Devs. Title II ABCCETA Intake & OrientCETA Couns. Devs. Youth IVProgram Spec. AAAProgram Planner AAALevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 51313Characteristics of Three OrganizationsTECHN
8、OLOGY Manufacturing Retailing GovernmentServiceSIZE (#employees) 6,000 250,000 351414Dimensions of Organization DesignlPerformance and Effectiveness OutcomeslLearn to be efficient and effectivelMust consider its stakeholder1515Major Stakeholder Groups and What They Expect1616The Evolution of Organiz
9、ation Theory and DesignlHistorical PerspectiveslEfficiency is everythinglHow to get organizedlWhat about peoplelDont forget the environment1717The Evolution of Organization Theory and DesignlContemporary Organization DesignlThe environment for todays companies is anything but stable.lMany organizati
10、ons are shifting to flexible, decentralized structures that emphasize horizontal collaboration and widespread information sharing.1818The Evolution of Organization Theory and DesignlEffective Performance versus the Learning OrganizationlFrom Vertical to Horizontal StructurelFrom Routine Tasks to Emp
11、owered RoleslFrom Formal Control Systems to Shared InformationlFrom Competitive to Collaborative StrategylFrom Rigid to Adaptive Culture1919Two Organization Design ApproachesVertical StructureRoutine TasksRigid CultureCompetitive StrategyFormal SystemsHorizontal StructureAdaptive CultureEmpowered Ro
12、lesCollaborative StrategyShared InformationOrganizational Change in the Service of PerformanceMechanical System DesignNatural System DesignStable Environment Efficient PerformanceTurbulent Environment Learning OrganizationSource: Adapted from David K. Hurst, Crisis and Renewal: Meeting the Challenge
13、 of Organizational Change (Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School)2020Framework for the booklLevels of AnalysislOrganizational theory emphasizes the whole organization as a unit.lOrganization behavior focusing on individuals within organizations.lMeso theory concerns the integration of both micro and macro levels of analysis.2121Framework for the booklPlan of the BooklBasic idea of organizationslThe role of top managementlHow to Design organization structurelProcesses inside the organization2222Thank you!2323
