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1、Traction traction Traction is the application of a pulling force to a part of the body Whenever traction is applied, countertraction must be used to achieve effective traction. Countertraction is the force acting in the opposite direction, usually the patients body weight and bed position adjustment
2、s supply the needed counterttraction Purpose and effective 1. reduce a fracture and discolation 2. maintain correct alignment of bone fragments during healing 3. immobilize a limb while soft tissue healing takes place 4. overcome muscle spasm 5. stretch adhesion 6. correct deformities Traction types
3、 1. skin traction 2. skeletal tractionSkin tractionadhesive tape tractionSkin traction: foam rubber bootSkin tractionSkin traction: belt traction Cervical tractionPelvic tractionSkeletal tractionNursing interventionsCasts The most common external fixation device Material: 1. Plaster of paris (anhydr
4、ous calcium sulfate, 无水硫酸钙) 2. Fiberglass 3. Plastic Types of casts Short-arm cast Long-arm cast Shoulder spica Short-leg cast Long-leg cast Hip spica Walking castwalking heelCasts nursing interventionsFunctional exercisesFunctional exercises 1. early (12w): 目的：促进血液循环，消 除肿胀，防止肌肉萎缩，进行患肢肌肉舒 缩。 2. middle (23w)：防止肌肉萎缩和关节粘 连，患肢骨折远近关节运动为主。 3. later (68w)：促进功能全面恢复，进行 重点关节为主的全身锻炼。Functional exercises 肢体运动的方法 ： 1.被动运动 2.主动运动 3.助力运动 4.手法治疗 肌肉锻炼形式： 1.等长收缩 2.等张收缩 3.等动收缩
