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1、John Milton (1608-1674) Life Background Works Quotes John Milton was born on December 9, 1608 on Bread Street in Cheapside, London, England to a scrivener and his wife. Miltons parents had six children, and Milton was one of the three who survived. And at age 16 Milton entered Christs College, Cambr
2、idge. Perhaps the finest student in his class, Milton received his B.A. in 1629 and M.A. in 1632. Milton was proficient in Latin, Greek, French, Italian, and Hebrew, and was an excellent swordsman. Milton had gone to Cambridge to become a clergyman, but he was dissuaded from this occupation due to “
3、tyranny“ in the church. So, Milton spent the 6 years after getting his M.A. reading the Greek and Latin classics, and studying mathematics and music. Milton broke into the public literary scene in 1632 with a eulogy hed written on Shakespeare which appeared in the second folio edition of Shakespeare
4、. In 1637, 7 months after his mothers death, he wrote the pastoral work “Lycidas.“ A year later, he visited Italy and met Galileo. He returned to England 1639 and began to think about writing an Arthurian epic. But he gave that idea up soon and wavered between writing on Biblical subjects and heroic
5、 figures in British history. In 1640, he decided to write on Paradise Lost. In 1642, at the age of 34, Milton married Mary Powell, age 17. Sadly, his wife ran away before the year was through, and Milton proceeded to write his famous treatise advocating divorce. He and his wife reconciled in 1645, a
6、nd Miltons daughter Anne was born in 1646. He worked as a secretary for the government starting in 1649, and became blind in 1652. That year his only son and wife died, leaving him a blind widower with three children. He remarried in 1656, but she died in childbirth a year later, ending “the happies
7、t time“ in Miltons life. In the following years Milton wrote against the Royalists, mysteriously escaping the scaffold for his scandalous comments. Milton got a third wife in 1663, since his rebellious daughters would not care for him. In 1667, Milton finally concluded an agreement with a publisher
8、for the printing of Paradise Lost. Scholars were perplexed when the poem came out, since it shunned the rhyming of other epic poems in its blank verse. On the day before his 66th birthday, November 8, 1674, Milton died of gout- fever. He was buried in the Church of St. Giles, Cripplegate, beside his
9、 father. The Political Climate of Miltons DayThe mid seventeenth-century was a time of great social and cultural turmoil. A series of political and military conflicts, now known as the English Civil War or the English Revolution, was waged intermittently between Parliamentarians and Royalists from 1
10、642 to 1651. The Political Climate of Miltons DayThere were many factors contributing to the tensions between the Crown and Parliament, including Charles marriage to the Catholic princess, Henrietta- Maria of France, and his desire to be involved in European wars. But the most interesting were the i
11、deological questions being raised about the nature of government and authority.The Political Climate of Miltons DayIn the seventeenth century, the Crown played a much greater role in the running of the country than it does today. Parliaments power was growing, but before the Civil War, it was called
12、 and dissolved at the will of the monarch, and used mostly to issue taxes when the king needed money. The Political Climate of Miltons DayCharles I believed in the divine right of kings and ruled fairly autonomously, but much of Parliament believed that the king had a contractual obligation to the p
13、eople to rule without tyranny. Parliamentarians were angry that Charles refused to call a Parliament for most of the 1630s, during which time he tried to levy what were considered to be illegal taxes. The Political Climate of Miltons DayWith Archbishop Laud, he tried to take the Church in the direct
14、ion of High Anglicanism, which aroused suspicion that he was trying to revert the country to Catholicism. In 1649, after years of various political manoeuvres and bouts of fighting, King Charles I was executed for treason. For the next decade England had no monarch. Initially, a Commonwealth was for
15、med and England was ruled by a republican government, but in 1653 Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector, essentially a military dictator. The Political Climate of Miltons DayHe was succeeded by his son Richard in 1658, but because of faction fighting and Richards lack of popularity as a leader, the
16、republic failed. Charles II, the executed monarchs son, was declared King in the Restoration of 1660.Paradise Lost” is Mintons masterpiece .It is a long epic in 12 books, written in blank verse. The story were taken from the Old Testament: the creation of the earth and Adam and Eve, the fallen angels in hell plotting against God, Satans temptation of Eve, and the departure of Adam and Eve from Eden . Satan and his followers are banished from heaven and driven into hell, but
