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1、直接引语与间接引语 （Direct Speech and Indirect Speech）Uint 1直接引语 (direct speech) ：直接引述别人的原话间接引语 (indirect speech) ：用自己的话转述别人的话间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句4类别： 类别1:直接引语为祈使句 类别2:直接引语为陈述句 类别3:直接引语为特殊疑问句 类别4:直接引语为一般疑问句类别1:直接引语为祈使句 当祈使句是肯定句时，使用 .当祈使句是否定句时，使用 .ask/tell sb. to do sthask/tell sb. not to do stheg. 把下列直接引语改为间接引语v
2、He said to me, open the window, please. He asked me to open the window. vThe teacher said to the students,Stop talking! The teacher told the students to stop talking. 注意：一般情况下， 1、通常直接引语里含有please表示请求：使用 ask sb (not) to do sth 2、直接引语里不含please表示命令，建议等语气：使用 tell/order/advise sb (not) to do sth 1. Mother
3、 said to him, dont cry! Mother him cry.2. I said to him yesterday, please come early.Yesterday I _ him early. Now, lets check 1:told not toaskedto come直接引语是祈使句， 变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是： 去掉引号要加to， ask / tell须记住，直接引语是否定， not加在to前部。 Summary类别2:直接引语为陈述句 1. 用连词 来引导间接引语2. 从句中的人称、时态等要做相应的变化that类别2:直接引语为陈述句一、人称的变化规律e
4、g1. 把下列直接引语改为间接引语vShe said,“ I like tennis.” She said that she liked tennis.结论1：当直接引语的主语为第一人称时，变间接引语后与主句主语的人称 保持一致。巧记为：一随主 vHe said to Lily, “ you must get up early.” He told Lily that she must get up early.eg2. 把下列直接引语改为间接引语结论2：当直接引语的主语为第二人称时，变间接引语后与主句宾语的人称 保持一致。巧记为：二随宾 vShe said to me , “ They wan
5、t to help him.” She told me that they wanted to help him.eg3. 把下列直接引语改为间接引语结论3：当直接引语的主语为第三人称时，变间接引语后人称不变。巧记为：三不变 1. We go to school on Saturday, too. They say. They say that to school on Saturday, too.2. My teacher said,“she is a good student.” My teacher said that was a good student.3. You must be
6、on time for your lessons. He said to me. He told me that on time for lessons. Now, lets check 2:they gosheI must be my类别2:直接引语为陈述句二、时态的变化规律结论1：如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态无需变化。vHe says, I will do it tomorrow.”eg1. 把下列直接引语改为间接引语 He says that he will do it tomorrow. eg2. 把下列直接引语改为间接引语vHe said, “I a
7、m a teacher.” He said he was a teacher.结论2：如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句要用与过去相关的时态。 时态的变化 直接引语转换成间接 引语时的时态变化列 句直接引语间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时He said， “Im afraid I cant finish the work.”He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish the work. 现在进行时- 过去进行时He said， “Im using the knife.”He said that he was using t
8、he knife. 现在完成时- 过去完成时She said， “Ive not heard from him since May.”She said that she had not heard from him since May. 一般过去时- 过去完成时He said， “I came to help you.”He said that he had come to help me. 过去完成时 不变He said， “I had finished my homework before supper.”He said that he had finished the homework
9、before supper.一般将来时- 过去将来时She said， “Ill do it after class.”She said that she would do it after class.eg3. 把下列直接引语改为间接引语vThe teacher said,“The earth goes round the sun.“ The teacher said（that）the earth goes round the sun.结论3：直接引语若表示的是客观事实或真理时,变间接引语时时态不变。 Now, lets check 3:1. Sally says, Our exams ar
10、e starting this week. Sally says exam starting this week. 2 She is running along the street. She said running along the street. 3. The teacher said, the earth is round. The teacher said the earth round. theirareshe wasis直接引语为陈述句，变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是：去掉引号加that，人称时态要灵活。Summary类别3:直接引语为特殊疑问句 1、引导词为 . 2、疑问语序要改
11、成 .（疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分） 3、人称的改变(一随主、二随宾、三不变) 4、时态的变化 (主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态。主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态。) 疑问词陈述句语序1. When does the train arrive? Please tell me. Please tell me the train .2. What time did he get up today? I dont know. I dont know what time up today.Now, lets check 4:whenarriveshe got直接引语是特殊疑问
12、句， 变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是：直接去引号， 陈述莫忘掉， 小心助动词， 丢它最重要。 Summary类别4:直接引语为一般疑问句 1、用连词 引导2、语序要改成 .3、人称的改变(一随主、二随宾、三不变)4、时态的变化 (主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态。主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态。) if/whether陈述句语序v “Do you like English?” Jim asked Tom.eg. 把下列直接引语改为间接引语 Jim asked Tom if/whether he liked English. Jim asked Tom whether he liked
13、English or not.结论：当句中用了whether or not时，不能用if来替换whether。 1. “Is your mother a doctor?”Lucy asked me. Lucy asked me a doctor.2. He said.,”Did you see the girl?”He asked _ the girl or not. Now, lets check 5:ifmy motherwaswhether Ihad seen直接引语为一般疑问句， 变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是：去掉引号加whether/if， 陈述语序要记住， 时态人称和状语， 小心变化别马虎。 SummaryHomework1. Review what you have learned today;2. Finish the exercise paper about “change direct speech into indirect speech”Thank you for listening! Bye-bye!
