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1、 1一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,比较 级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est;(1)单音节词如:smallsmallersmallestshortshortershortesttalltallertallestgreatgreatergreatest(2)双音节词如:clevercleverercleverestnarrownarrowernarrowest2以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较级在原级后加-r,最 高级在原级后加-st;如:largelargerlargestnicenicernicestableablerablest3在重读闭音节(即:辅音元音辅音)中,先
2、双写 末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;如:bigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestfatfatterfattest4以“辅音字母y”结尾的双音节词,把y改为i,比较 级加-er,最高级加-est;如:easyeasiereasiestheavyheavierheaviestbusybusierbusiesthappyhappierhappiest5其他双音节词和多音节词(一个元音为一个音节),比 较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most;如:beautiful more beautiful most beautifuldifferent more
3、different most differenteasily more easily most easilytired more tired most tired (很重要,也很特殊)注意: (1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前 可不用。例句: The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.(2)形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表 示“非常“。It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.6有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是
4、不规 则的,必须熟记。如:good(well)betterbestbad(ill)worseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfar further/farther furthest/farthest比较级的用法1“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比 B更”。如:This tree is taller than that one. 这这棵树树比那棵树树高。注意:在含有连词than的比较级中,前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同 类事物之间的比较。在比较级前面使用much,
5、表示程度“强得多”。如:A watermelon is much bigger than an apple. very, quite一般只能修饰原级,不能修饰比较级。2“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越”如:It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和了。It is getting cooler and cooler.天气越来越凉爽。The wind became more and more heavily.风变得越来越大。Our school is becomin
6、g more and more beautiful.我们的学校变得越来越美丽。3在含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,前 面的形容词要用比较级形式。如:Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高,Tim还是Tom?4. “the +比较级, the+比较级”,表示“越 越”。The more money you make, the more you spend.钱你赚得越多,花得越多。The sooner,the better.越快越好。5. 表示倍数的比较级用法:. A + be +倍数+ times + the + 形容词对应名词形式+ of + B.如:The ne
7、w building is three times the height of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。(新楼是旧楼的四倍高). A + be +倍数+ times +as +原级+ as+ B.如:Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍). A + be + 序数词 +比较级+ than + B.如:Our school is twice bigger than yours.我们学校比你们学校大两倍。6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或 三者以上人或事物的比较,表示“最”的意思 。
8、句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如:of the three, in our class 等等。如:He is the tallest in our class.他在我们班里是最高的。7.“否定词语+比较级“,“否定词语+ so as“结构 表示最高级含义。Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.8. 比较级与最高级的转换:Mike is the most intelligent in his class.Mike is more intelligent than any
9、other student in his class9.修饰比较级和最高级的词1)可修饰比较级的词.a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。. 还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。. 以上词(除by far)外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。注意:使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。(错错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.(对对) Tom is the tallest of the
10、three brothers.2)下列词可修饰最高级:by far, far, much, mostly, almost。This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.注意:a. very可修饰最高级,但位置与much不同。This is the very best.This is much the best.b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africa is the second largest continent.特殊比较级的构成: 原形比较级较级最高级级备备注 farFarther / furtherFarthest / furthest Many / m
11、uchmoremostGood / wellbetterBestoldOlder / elderOldest / eldestlittleLessLeastBad / badly / illWorseWorstimportantMore importantMost important多音节节形容词词和 副词词 Tired / slowly / loudly / clearly /careful / surprised / funnyMore , most 谢谢观赏GR1Grammar Review主谓一致(Subject-verb Agreement)(1) 主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上必
12、须与主语一致。主谓一致有许多原则,概括起 来主要有三种,即语法形式一致,意义一致(语言内容上一致),毗邻一致(谓语动词的 单复数形式和紧位于其前的主语一致)。列表如下: 原 则 说 明 例 句 语法形式 一致 按主语的单复数形式确定 谓语动词的单复数形式 My favorite book is Gone with the Wind. 我最喜爱的书是飘。 My favorite books are David Copperfield, Wuthering Heights and The Gadfly. 我最喜爱的书是大卫科波菲尔、呼啸 山庄和牛虻。 GR2原 则 说 明 例 句 意义一致 谓语动
13、词的单复数形式 由主语所表达的单、复 数意义决定 Chinese is a difficult language.汉语是一门很难的语言。 The Chinese are kind and friendly. 中国人善良而友好。 毗邻一致 谓语动词的人称和数要 在形式上与最靠近它的 那个名词或代词取得一 致 Either John or his brothers are waiting in the room.不是约翰就是他的几个兄弟正在房间里等候。 Neither you, nor I, nor anybody else knows anything about it.你、我或其他任何人都不知
14、道这件事。 GR3语法形式一致 可数名词单数、不 可数名词、单个动词 不定式、动名词短语 或句子作主语时,谓 语动词用单数形 To learn English well is difficult学好英语是困难的。 Why she did this is not known还不清楚她为什么做这件事。 可数名词复数、有 表 示数量的复数名词修 饰的不可数名词、用 and连接的动词不定 式、动名词短语或句 子作主语时,谓语动 词用复数形式 Playing basketball and swimming are my favorite sports. 打篮球和游泳是我最喜爱的运动。 In the pa
15、st few years 5 million square meters of housing have been constructed in Shanghai. 在过去几年中上海修建了500万平方米的住房。 What I say and think are none of your business. 我说什么、想什么都与你无关。 1.2.用 法 例 句 GR4and连接的两个名 词指同一个人或同 一件事(and后的名 词前没有冠词)时, 谓语动词用单数形 式 The secretary and cashier of the hotel is absent today. 这家旅馆的秘书兼收
16、银员今天没有来。 This bread and butter is too thick. 这片涂黄油的面包太厚了。 比较: The bread and the butter are on sale. 正在优惠出售黄油和面包。 由as well as, with, like, together with, rather than, including 等引导的结构作插入语 时,主语如果是单数, 其谓语动词仍用单数形 式 John, together with his family, is flying to Paris.约翰将和家人一起乘坐飞机去巴黎。 This man, as well as his sons, always catches