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1、Section 2 Section 2 The Cranial Nerves( The Cranial Nerves(脑神经脑神经) )I. Olfactory n. (嗅神经) II. Optic n. (视神经) III. Oculomotor n.(动眼神经) IV. Trochlear n. (滑车神经) V. Trigeminal n. (三叉神经) VI. Abducent n. (展神经) VII. Facial n. (面神经)vcvvcvvcvvcvvcvvcvvcvThe Cranial NervesThe Cranial Nerves一嗅二视三动眼，四滑五叉六外展，七面八
2、听九舌咽， 迷.副，舌下十二全。VIII. Vestibulocochlear n. (前庭蜗神经) (位听神经) IX. Glossopharyngeal n.(舌咽神经) X. Vagus n. (迷走神经) XI. Accessory n. (副神经) XII. Hypoglossal n. (舌下神经)IntroductionIntroductionA. Classification of the Cranial Nerves 1. Sensory nerves (感觉神经): I, II, VIII.2. Motor nerves (运动神经): III, IV, VI, XI, X
3、II.3. Mixed nerves (混合神经):V, VII, IX, X.IntroductionIntroductionB. Components of the Cranial Nerves 1. Sensory (afferent) fibers感觉(传入) 纤维 1) general somatic sensory fiber (GSA) (一般躯体感觉纤维): skin nerve endings (皮肤神经末稍) muscle spindles (肌梭)IntroductionIntroduction 2) special somatic sensory fiber (SSA)
4、 (特殊躯体感觉纤维): visual (视), hearing ( 听), balance organs (平衡)IntroductionIntroduction 3) general visceral sensory fiber (GVA) (一般内脏感觉纤维 ): all viscera (全部内脏) 4) special visceral sensory fiber (SVA) (特殊内脏感觉纤维 ):olfactory (嗅器) and taste (味 器)IntroductionIntroduction2. Motor (efferent) fibers 运动 (传出）纤维 1)
5、 general somatic motor fiber (GSE) (一般躯体运动纤维): muscles of the eye and tongue (眼 外肌和舌肌)IntroductionIntroduction 2) general visceral motor fiber (GVE) (一般内脏运动纤维):smooth mm. (平滑肌), cardiac mm. (心 肌), glands (腺体) IntroductionIntroduction 3) special visceral motor fiber (SVE) (特殊内脏运动): skeletal muscles d
6、erive from branchial arch (源于鳃弓的骨骼肌)I 鳃弓 咀嚼肌II 鳃弓 面肌III-VII 鳃弓 咽喉肌,胸锁乳突肌,斜方肌I. The Olfactory Nerve (嗅神经) SVAanosmia 嗅觉丧失, hyposmia 嗅觉减退olfactory bulb (嗅球)olfactory filaments (I)(嗅丝)cribriform foramina anosmia 嗅觉丧失olfactorycells (嗅细胞) within the olfactory epithelium of nasal cavity (在鼻腔内嗅区上皮) II. The
7、 Optic Nerve (视神经) SSA rod cells (视杆细胞) cone cells (视锥细胞)ganglioniccells (节细胞)IIoptic chiasma (视交叉)optic canal (视神经管)photoreceptor cells (感光细胞)total blindness 全盲 bipolarcells(双极细胞) . The Oculomotor Nerve (动眼神经) GSE, GVEmidbrain （中脑） 脚间窝III superior branch(上支)superior rectuslevator palpebrae superior
8、is (上直肌,上睑提肌)inferior rectus medial rectus inferior oblique (下直肌,内直肌,下斜肌)sup. orbitalfissure (眶上裂)III inferior branch(下支)strabismus 斜视 眼睑下垂, 瞳孔扩大 , 眼球转向外下, 复视sphincter pupil, ciliary m. (瞳孔括约肌,睫状肌) . The Oculomotor Nerve (动眼神经) GSE, GVE . The Trochlear Nerve (滑车神经) GSEmidbrain (中脑) 背侧IVsuperior obli
9、que （上斜肌）sup. orbital fissure(眶上裂) . The Trigeminal Nerve(三叉神经) GSA, SVEVmaxillary n (上颌神经) ophthalmic n (眼神经)mandibular nerve (下颌n)pons (脑桥)lacrim n(泪腺) frontal (额) n nasociliary(鼻睫) n眶上神经lacrimal gland(泪腺)鼻背,腔,筛窦,眼球 V ganglion (三叉神 经节)额皮infraorbital(眶下) n sup.alveolar(上牙槽) n auriculotemporal n buc
10、cal (颊) n lingual (舌) ninf. alveolar n 眼口间皮肤上牙,牙龈 颞部皮肤 颊部皮肤,粘膜 舌前 2/3 一般感觉 Taste.舌前2/3味觉 mental 颏n 下唇皮肤 lower teeth下牙,牙龈masticat. brs(咀嚼肌支)mastic.mm.咀嚼肌trigeminal neuralgia三叉神经痛 trigeminal nerve block 三叉神经封闭鼓索下颌舌骨肌NZygomatic n.(颧神经)颧部皮肤滑车上神经VII . The Trigeminal Nerve(三叉神经) GSA, SVE . The Trigeminal
11、Nerve(三叉神经) GSA, SVE . The Trigeminal Nerve(三叉神经) GSA, SVE . The Abducent Nerve (展神经) GSEpons （脑桥）VIlateral rectus （外直肌） strabismus 斜视 diplepia (double vision) 复视sup. orbital fissure(眶上裂) VII. The Facial Nerve (面神经) SVE, SVA, GSA, GVEpons (脑桥) 延髓沟geniculate ganglion (膝神经节)VIIVIIstapedius (镫骨肌)taste
12、of anterior 2/3 of tongue(舌前味觉)facial mm.(面肌)lingual n(舌神经)tympanic chord(鼓索)stapedial n (镫骨肌神经)temporal branches (颞支) zygomatic branches (颧支) buccal branches (颊支) marginal mandibul. br(下颌缘) cervical branch (颈支)V1 lacrimal nlacrimal glandnasal glands palatine glands(泪,鼻腔,腭腺)submandibulargland, subli
13、ngual gland(下颌下腺,舌下腺)facial paralysis面神经瘫facial spasm面痉挛pterygo- palatine gangliongreater petrosal n(岩大神经) 腭,蝶腭N VII. The Facial Nerve (面神经)SVE, SVA, GSA, GVE VII. The Facial Nerve (面神经)SVE, SVA, GSA, GVE . The Vestibulocochlear Nerve ( 前庭蜗神经) SSAnervous deafness 神经性耳聋brain stem (脑干) 延髓脑桥沟vestibular
14、 n.(前庭神经)cochlear n.(蜗神经)vestibular ganglion(前庭神经节)spiral ganglion(螺旋神经节)头位置听觉macullae of saccule(椭圆囊)macullae ofutricle(球囊)ampullarycrest(壶腹嵴)spiral organs （螺旋器）Int.acous. meatus & pore (内耳道,内耳门) . The Vestibulocochlear Nerve(前庭蜗神经) SSA . The Glossopharyngeal Nerve ( 舌咽神经)SVE, GVE, SVA, GVA,GSAIXme
15、dullaoblongata(延髓)sup. ganglioninf. gangliontympanic n(鼓室) oticgangparotid gland(腮腺)carotid sinus branchcarotid sinus & glomuslingual br (舌支)post. 1/3 of tongue (tastepharynxstylopharyngeal br (茎突咽肌支)stylopharyn.(茎突咽肌)tonsillar br.(扁桃体支)palantine tonsil(腭扁桃体)post.auricular br(耳后支)pharyngeal mm.phary
16、ngeal branch(咽支)post. auricul. skin(耳后皮肤)& other sensory) . The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (舌咽神经) SVE, GVE, SVA, GVA,GSA . The Vagus Nerve (迷走神经) SVE, GVE, GVA,GSAmedulla oblongataXLRsup. ganglioninf. ganglionsup.laryng.n(喉上N) phary.br.(咽支) sup.cerv.card.br.(颈上心支) inf.cerv.card.br.(颈下心支)rec.laryng. n.(喉返N) inf.laryng.n(喉下N) bronc.br.(
