高考语法易错分析

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1、n 高考英语语法易错点归纳n一、定语从句n引导定语从句的关系代词有that,which,who(宾格whom),所 有格whose)和关系副词nwhere when whyn等,关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中充当一个成分,关系代词 that,which,who,whom等在从句中分别作主语或宾语,whose 在从句中作定语,而关系副词when,where,why等在从句中作状 语。n如:nI will never forget the days when/in which wenworked together.nI will never forget the days which/that w

2、e spentntogether.n解析:在句中,表示时间的名词thendays在从句中充当的是状语,所以用关系副词when来代指,引导 定语从句修饰先行词thendays;而在句中,表示时间的名词thendays在从句中充当的是动词spent的宾语,所以用关系代词that或 which来代指。n同样,表示地点或原因的名词如果在从句中作状语,则用关系副 词wheren或why来代指;如果在从句中作动词的宾语,则用which或that来 代替。n如:nThis is the factory where/in which I worked.(作状语)nThis is the factory tha

3、t/which I visited yearsnago.(作宾语) 注:当先行词为time,reason, place时,引导词可以省略。如:nThis was the first (when/what) I had seriousntrouble with my boss.nThat is the reason (why) I did it.nThis is the place (where) we met yesterday.n另外,定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词的数相一致。如:nMr. Jackson is the only foreigner that is presentnat t

4、he party.nHe is one of the students who were praised by thenteacher.n解析:在句中,先行词foreigner被only修饰,强调只有一个, 所以从句中谓语动词用单数形式,而在句中,who引导的定语 从句修饰先行词thenstudents,为复数,所以从句谓语动词应为复数。n感悟:学生之所以在这一点上经常出错,主要是对定语从句的理 解不够深刻,分辨不出主句和从句,对句子成分的把握也不到位 ,搞不清关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当何种句子成分。所以 要做好这一类题,要首先弄清关系代词和关系副词的用法,而且 应善于分辨和分析句子结构及

5、其相应成分,这样才能对症下药, 快速准确地找到瓿之所在n二 名词性从句中的易错点n(一)that引导的定语从句与同位语从句n定语从句与前面的的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系n,“的名词”,而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与 that从句同位的名词必须是一些表示事实或概念的抽象名词,如 fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。That在定语从句中必须作成分, 可用which或who/whom代替,而that在同位语从句中不充当任何 句子成分,只起连接作用。如:nAlong with the letter was his promise that henwould visit

6、me this coming Christmas. nDo you still remember the chicken farm that we visitednthree months ago.n解析:在句中,that引导同位语从句解释说明promise的内容, that不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,而在句中,that在其 引导的定语从句中作动词visited的宾语,对先行词the chicken farm起修饰作用。n感悟:学生之所以在这一点上容易出错,主要还是因为对定语从 句的理解不够深刻,分辨不出that在从句中是否充当了句子成分, 因此,还需在句子分析上下功夫,并且搞清何谓同位

7、语从句。n(二)名词性从句中,关于it作形式主语和形式宾语的易错点n1) 名词性从句作主语或宾语时,为保持句子平衡,常用it作形式主 语或形式宾语。如:nIts a pity that he dont come to give a speech.(形式主语)We think it possible that you can finish the job today.(形式宾 语) 2)谓语动词 appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love, make等接由if或when 引导的宾语从句时往往在从句前加上形式宾语 it. 例如:I would appreciate

8、it if you could come to my birthday party. 3)动词hare, take, hide, punish, put等,后接由that 引导的病因从句式,往往在从句前加形式宾语it. 例如: I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon. we punished it that we had finished the project ahead of time. 4)短语动词answer for, count on depend on, insist on, see to等后接有that引导的宾语从句时,必

9、须冠以形式宾语it.n例如: Im counting on it that you will come.n Shell see to it that he goes ahead.n注:作形式主语和形式宾语时只能用it.n三、代词it、one、that的用法与区别.nOne泛指,指代前面提到的那类人或物,用于指代可数名词,相 当于a+名词单数,其复数形式ones前一般要有定语,否则就要用 some.nThat(those复数)即可指代不可数名词,表特指,相当于the+名 词,后面经常与介词修饰语连用。nIt指代上文出现的名词,表示同类同物,另外还可表示时间、距离 、天气、还可指代人称代词,表示性

10、别身份不明,可作形式主语 ,形式宾语,引导强调句式以及一些固定搭配,如:get it, catch it, make it.n例如: I have lost my watch. I think I must buynone.我丢了只表,我想我必须再买一只。(代指上文指到的同类 事物,但不指同一个)n Where is my pen? Have you seen it?n我的钢笔不知弄到哪去了,你见了吗?(代指上文提到的同一事 物)n The land of China is larger than that ofnAmerica.n Tome has a red pen and a blue

11、one (或two bluenones)n He has no child, and he wants toadopt one (或nsome)n四、虚拟语气nI 虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的易错点。n if my lawyer had been here last Saturday, henwould have prevented me from going.n if you had studied hard at school, you would bena college student now.n句子都是虚拟语气在条件句中的使用,从句中都是假设过去 的情况,所以用过去完成时,但在主

12、句中,句依然指代过去的 情况,谓语动词是wouldnhave done,而中含有一个表示现在的时间状语now,n这样就必须将其理解为假设现在的情况,所以谓语动词必须为 would/should/might+动词原形,学生在这一点上经常会忽略 now的存在,从而按句的形式填写答案。n虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法n1.在it is important (strange, natural,necessary)+that 句子 或者It is decidedn(ordered,suggested, demanded,advised)+that句子中,主 语从句中的谓语动词常用(should)+动词原形

13、结构,表示某事“ 重要”、“必要”、“被决定”等n例如: it is important that everyone (should ) obeynthe rules all day and all night.n it is decided that the meeting (should) be heldntomorrow afternoon.n2. suggest, insist 后面指宾语从句时需注意的地方n1)suggest 当“建议”“提出”讲时,其后宾语从句的谓语动词常 用“should+动词原形”n例如:He suggested that the work (should) b

14、e startednat once 他建议立即动工。n类似的动词还有insist坚持,demand要求,desire要求、请求, request请求,require要求、需要,order命令,propose建议, command命令,ask要求,advise建议,prefer宁愿等。n这些动词变被动语态(如:It is suggested +that主语从句)形式 后,主语从句谓语动词仍用“(should)+动词原形”n这些动词变名词(如suggestion)后,其后的表语从句和同位语 从句中的谓语部分仍用“(should)+动词原形”nsuggest 当“提出(某看法),暗示,启发”讲时,其

15、后宾语从 句的动词不用虚拟语气。n例如:(1)The police suggested that the thief might benone of the family membern警察局提出窃贼可能是一名家庭成员。n(2)Her yawns suggests that she is sleepy.n她打哈欠表明她困了。n(3)Although he didnt suggest that we _ thendecision to swim across the river, but his looknsuggested that our decisionn_wrong.虽然他没提出我们应该

16、终止游过这条河的决定,但他的 表情表明我们的决定是错误的。nA:stop; wasB: should stop; beC: stopped ;wasD:nstopped; should be 在这个句子中,前一个suggest当“建议”“提 出”讲,而后一个作“表明”讲,所以答案为“A”n2)insist作“坚决要求该;坚持认为定要”讲时,其后 宾语从句的谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”n例如:I insisted that you (should) be there onntime.我坚持认为你应该准时到那里去ninsist 作“坚持(意见,看法);坚持说,确信”讲时,其后从 句不用虚拟语气。n例如:He suggested (that) he heard someone in thennext room. 他坚持说他听到隔壁屋子里有人。n五.反意疑问句中的易错点n1.在一般疑问句中,无论肯定的问或是否定的问,如果回答为肯定 则用

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