《分词做定语、状语》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《分词做定语、状语（18页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Unit 7 Grammar一、分词概说1. 意义：分词是一种非限定动词，具有V. / adj./adv.的特征。 2. 特点：分词可分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示主 动和进行，过去分词表示动作完成和被动。分词作定语Unit 7 Grammar一、分词概说 3. 分词短语：分词与其宾语或状语一起构成分词短语。4. 作用：分词和分词短语在句中可作定语、表语、状语和补 语。分词作定语Unit 7 Grammare.g.She likes to drink cold boiled water.This is a book written by Lu Xun.The story is very
2、moving.The door is broken.Laughing and talking, they went to school.We heard the girl singing in the teachers room.分词作定语Unit 7 Grammar二、分词的形式 （以go 和write为例）种类及物动词（write）不及物动词的主 动语态（go）主动语态 被动语态现 在 分 词一般式 writingbeing writtengoing完成式 having writtenHaving been writtenhaving gone过去分词writtengoneUnit 7 G
3、rammar三、现在分词和过去分词作定语 1. 分词作定语时，一般放在所修饰的名词之前。现在 分词表示主动和未完成；过去分词表被动和完成。分词短语作定语时，一般放在所修饰的名词之后。 e.g. a crying baby = a baby who is cryinga broken window = a window which is broken分词作定语Unit 7 Grammare.g. a developing country = a country that is developinga developed country = a country that has been deve
4、loped.Notes:English is interesting to me. = Im interested in English.The news is shocking. 这消息令人震惊。He is shocked at the news.分词作定语Unit 7 Grammar三、现在分词和过去分词作定语 e.g. the changing world 正在变化着的世界the boiling water 沸腾的水the changed world已起了变化的世界the boiled water 开水the people questioned the girls dancingOur
5、college located/situated on a hilltop has a good view.(此句分词并非表被动)分词作定语Unit 7 Grammar三、现在分词和过去分词作定语 2. 分词作定语置于名词之后时，更强调分词的行为动 作，而非动作的特征和属性。（主被动、时间性） e.g. This is a book written by Lucy.That is a girl writing a letter.I had my car washed.I heard my name called.分词作定语Unit 7 Grammar四、如何将定语从句简化为分词短语 1. 去掉
6、主语的关系代词（who, which, that） 2. 动词改为分词：现在分词表示“正在，主动”过去分词表示“完成，被动”规律1：n. + who/which/that + v. n. + v. inge.g.The book which belongs to Mary is lost.= The book belonging to Mary is lost.Therere many people who live in that village.= Therere many people living in that village. Unit 7 Grammar四、如何将定语从句简化为分
7、词短语 规律2：n. + who/which/that + be + v. ing n. + v. ing e.g. The girl who is writing a letter is Mary. = The girl writing a letter is Mary. 规律3：n. + who/which/that + be + v. ed n. + v. ede.g. Mary bought a camera which was made in Japan.= Mary bought a camera made in Japan.Unit 7 Grammar五、如何将状语从句简化为分词
8、短语 1. 分词短语是由状语从句变换而来的，用以表示时间 、原因、条件、让步及附带情况。 2. 若状语从句于主句的主语相同时：1）去连词 2）去主语 3）动词变分词 即： 连词+ 主语 + V. , 主语 + V. V.ing , 主语+ V. e.g. If you turn to the right, youll find the school. Turning to the right, youll find the school. Unit 7 Grammar五、如何将状语从句简化为分词短语 e.g. As he was driven by hunger, he stole a cak
9、e. Being driven by hunger, he stole a cake. Driven by hunger, he stole a cake. 3. 若状语从句与主句的主语不同时：1）去连词 2）前面的主语留下 3) 动词分词 e.g. As it were fine, I went fishing with my father. It being fine, I went fishing with Unit 7 Grammar五、如何将状语从句简化为分词短语Notes: 1. 分词短语=连词+ 主语 + V. e.g.Walking along the street, I me
10、t Mary.While I was walking along the street, I met Mary.Being tired, I stopped to take a rest. Because I was tired, I stopped toKnowing where I live, he never comes to see me. Although he knows where I live, Unit 7 Grammar五、如何将状语从句简化为分词短语e.g.Seen from the mountain, this city looks very beautiful at
11、night. When it is seen from the mountain, this cityHaving finished my work, I went home. After I had finished my work, I went home.Unit 7 Grammar五、如何将状语从句简化为分词短语2. 分词短语意义不清时，往往保留连词。但表示原因的连词 because, as等一定要省略。另外，表时间的连词放在句尾时 常保留。 e.g.If (I am) invited, Ill go to the party.When (I was) mailing a letter
12、 in the post office, I met Tom.Animals can do many amazing things when properly trained.As she didnt know what to do, she began to cry. Not knowing what to do, she began to cry.Unit 7 Grammar六、独立主格结构1. 定义：在分词短语中，分词意义上的主语与主句的 主语不同时，即称为独立结构。e.g.Weather permitting, well have a picnic.= If weather permi
13、ts, well have a picnic.There being no taxi, we had to walk last night.= As there was no taxi, we had toUnit 7 Grammar六、独立主格结构2. 其他形式：with结构sbj. + V. (,) with + obj. + V. ing / V. ed/ adj. /prep.短语 e.g.He came out of the office with his eyes shinning.Dont speak with your mouth full.Mother looked at me with tears in her eyes.Mr. Smith made his experiment with the door locked.Unit 7 Grammar七、惯用语Generally/frankly/strictly speakingSpeaking of 说起Judging from由判断/看来Seeing that既然Provided that假如Concerning关于Considering 以 而论/考虑到
