《共享-est translation unit 4-分清主次把握文理》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《共享-est translation unit 4-分清主次把握文理（19页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、EST TranslationUnit 4 分清主次把握文理分清主从 把握文理n英语句子严格地遵守语法规则，句中主、谓、宾、定、 状、补，井然有序，句子成分可以通过语法结构进行层 层分析，复句多，长句多，复杂结构多。(形合)n汉语不受严格的语法约束，没有固定的句式结构，习惯 多个小句平行并列，多用动词、形容词作句子谓语，偏 爱四字句。(意合)n因此，在英译汉的过程中，分清主从是首要环节。分清主从的几个关键环节 1. 抓主谓结构EX1: Standing in the right spot in this gigantic city and hills draped with apartment
2、 complexes can remind you of Hong Kong, the density of habitation will recall Tokyo and the river-spanning brawn, replete with an immense new structure over the Yangtze that echoes the Brooklyn bridge, might recall New York. （许建平 ，2008V2：29）并列句含3个独立句：地点状语+后置定语： Standing in the right spot in this gig
3、antic city and hills draped with apartment complexesbrawn的定语从句： brawn, replete with an immense new structure over the Yangtze that echoes the Brooklyn bridge, 译文：置身于这座巨大的城市，站在密密麻麻满是公译文：置身于这座巨大的城市，站在密密麻麻满是公 寓楼的山坡上可能会是你想到香港；这六密集的人口寓楼的山坡上可能会是你想到香港；这六密集的人口 会让你想到东京；而那横跨长江两岸、仿效布鲁克林会让你想到东京；而那横跨长江两岸、仿效布鲁克林
4、大桥豁然耸立的庞大新建筑物，或许会让你想到纽约大桥豁然耸立的庞大新建筑物，或许会让你想到纽约 。EX2: While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. 主语：modern practice谓语： conforms
5、 to one让步状语从句：While there are 定语从句：that sees.as其它成分：从句中的比较结构 as many as;主句中的 one是代词，代替definition；不定式短语to recreate and explain the significant events of the past修饰the attempt（ 重现和解释过去的重大事件的企图）；译文：尽管有多少历史学家几乎就有多少种对历史的译文：尽管有多少历史学家几乎就有多少种对历史的 定义，但现代实践与一种定义最相符：历史就是试图定义，但现代实践与一种定义最相符：历史就是试图 重现和解释过去的重大事件。重
6、现和解释过去的重大事件。1. 抓主谓结构EX1: Under the plan, which is being emulated by other big inland cities, the city wants to move two million rural residents into newly urbanized areas within an hours driving distance from the city center within the next five years, and another two million in the five years after
7、 that.（许建平，2008V2：30）时间：地点：人物：范围：附加信息： Under the plan, which is being emulated by other big inland cities, 译文：根据这一规划，重庆希望在未来五年内能够使译文：根据这一规划，重庆希望在未来五年内能够使 200200万农村人口迁入距离市中心一小时车程的新建城万农村人口迁入距离市中心一小时车程的新建城 区，此后区，此后5 5年内再迁入年内再迁入200200万人进城。重庆的这种做法万人进城。重庆的这种做法 正在为内地其他一些城市所赶超。正在为内地其他一些城市所赶超。2. 抓关键信息EX2: As
8、 the clock crept toward 11: 15 p. m. last Thursday, the 500 scientists and engineers packed into the control room and an adjacent auditorium at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory kept their eyes riveted on a bank of computer monitors. （许建平，2008V2：31）主谓结构：the 500 scientists and engineers kept th
9、eir eyes riveted on时间： 11: 15 p. m. last Thursday地点： the control room and an adjacent auditorium at the Princeton Plasma(等离子体) Physics Laboratory 人物： the 500 scientists and engineers 事件： the 500 scientists and engineers kept their eyes riveted on a bank of computer monitors. 译文：上星期四，当时针悄悄地指向晚上译文：上星期
10、四，当时针悄悄地指向晚上1111：1515的时候的时候 ，普林斯顿等离子体物理实验室控制室和毗连的礼堂里，普林斯顿等离子体物理实验室控制室和毗连的礼堂里 挤满了挤满了500500名科学家和工程师。他们不约而同地把目光名科学家和工程师。他们不约而同地把目光 聚集到一排计算机监视屏上。聚集到一排计算机监视屏上。2. 抓关键信息EX1: The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity（匮乏）of the info
11、rmation media. （许建平，2008V2：31）主谓结构：The isolation is compounded by逻辑关系：because of表原因；is compounded by表被动，其中的by则表示被、由等。 译文：译文：因为距离远，又缺乏交通工具，农村社会是与外因为距离远，又缺乏交通工具，农村社会是与外 界隔绝的。由于通讯工具的不足，这种隔绝状态变得更界隔绝的。由于通讯工具的不足，这种隔绝状态变得更 加严重加严重。 3. 抓逻辑关系EX2: 我们应该互相尊重，树立信心，避免对抗 ，增加对话，以建立两国间长久的战略伙伴关系 。 （孙万彪、王恩铭，高级翻译教程（第 二版
12、），上海外语教育出版社，2000V2（修订 版）：302）主谓结构：我们应该逻辑关系：表目的：以建立两国间长久的战略伙 伴关系。 译文：译文：In In order order to to establish establish long-term long-term strategic strategic partnership partnership between between the the two two countries, countries, we we should should respect respect each each other, other, build b
13、uild up up confidence, confidence, avoidavoid confrontation confrontation and and increase increase dialogue.dialogue. （孙万彪、王恩铭，（孙万彪、王恩铭，高级高级 翻译教程翻译教程（第二版），上海外语教育出版社，（第二版），上海外语教育出版社，2000V22000V2（修订版）：（修订版）：302302）3. 抓逻辑关系EX1: There is nothing more disappointing to a hostess who has gong to a lot of
14、trouble or expense than to have her guest so interested in talking politics or business with her husband that he fails to notice the flavor of the coffee, the lightness of the cake, or the attractiveness of the house, which may be her chief interest and pride. （许建平， 2008V2：33）主谓结构：There is nothing m
15、ore disappointing than.定语从句： who has gong to a lot of trouble or expense ； which may be her chief interest and pride;状语从句：so interestedthat译文：一个女主人花了很多心神和费用来招待客人，可客译文：一个女主人花了很多心神和费用来招待客人，可客 人只顾津津有味地与丈夫谈政治，谈生意，却没有注意到人只顾津津有味地与丈夫谈政治，谈生意，却没有注意到 香喷喷的咖啡，松软的糕点，或房间内讲究的陈设，而这香喷喷的咖啡，松软的糕点，或房间内讲究的陈设，而这 些却可能是她最感
16、兴趣并引以自豪的东西些却可能是她最感兴趣并引以自豪的东西再没有任何再没有任何 情况比这更令人失望的了。情况比这更令人失望的了。 4. 抓表达方式EX2: 要懂得电影是怎样工作的，我们首先必须知 道这样一个事实：即我们的眼睛有一种被称为“ 视觉暂留”的奇特习性。靠着这种习性，我们的 眼睛能在像光源这种东西消失之后的一刹那间继 续“看”到它。译文：译文：To understand how motion pictures work, we must first To understand how motion pictures work, we must first know the fact that our eyes have a peculiar habit, called know the fact that our eyes have a peculiar habit, called “persistence of
