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1、Subjunctive Mood1)If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.2)If I had taken your advice ,I wouldnt have made the mistake.3)If I had been there, it wouldnt have happened. 4)If it rained tomorrow, we would not go shopping. 5)He was shaking with fright as if he had seen a ghost. 1)He insisted that I sh
2、ould have a rest. 2)His suggestion that Tom have a rest is accepted. 3)His suggestion is that Tom have a rest 4)It is suggested that Tom have a rest. 5)The king ordered that the prisoner be killed the next day.虚拟语气 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用 来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而 是一种假设、猜测、愿望等(在条件从句中 或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿 望、要求、命令
3、、建议等 (在宾语从句、 主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念一、非真实条件句（if等）中的虚拟语气 1.时态一致 2. 错综时间的虚拟句 3.倒装句 4.含蓄条件句 5. If only 感叹二、名词性从句的虚拟语气： 宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 三、几种特殊的虚拟语气句式 wish、as if/though、would rather、Its time Its necessary/strange/matural/inportant+that从 句1)If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.2)If I had taken y
4、our advice ,I wouldnt have made the mistake.3)If I had been there, it wouldnt have happened. 4)If it rained tomorrow, we would not go shopping. 条件 从句If 从句的谓语谓语 形 式主句的谓语谓语 形式现现在过过去未来V. + ed (were)had donewould/could/shoul d/might +V (原) would/could/shoul d/might+have+p.p. 1.V.+ ed. 2. should+ V.(原) 3
5、. were to dowould/could/shoul d/might +V. (原)一. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法(3种) 。l1. If I had 5000yuan, I would buy a computer.l2. If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.l3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.l4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.（与现在事实相反 ）（与过去事实相反 ）2、错综时间的
6、虚拟句通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的 谓语动词所指时间是一致的, 但有时也可能指 不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不 同的谓语动词形式.1. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去)。2. If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在)。虚拟语气3、省略 if 的条件从句 当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ， 而把它们放在句首。 If I we
7、re to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.Were I to meet him tomorrow, If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.Should he fail in the experimentIf you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.虚拟语气在 在条件从句中Had you come a few.4. without, but for，or和otherw
8、ise 构成虚拟。but for要不是，or否则（含蓄条件句）1.）Without sunlight, there would be no life on our planet.2.）But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work.3.）I was ill that day .otherwise , I would have taken part in the sports meet.(副词)4.）He telephoned to inform me of your birthday , or I would have known not
9、hing about it .(连词)5 . If only 要是就好了 If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I were to see him again!要是我们的父母和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！If only our parents lived with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!a. If they _ (be) here, they _ (take) your advice.b. If the world-war _ (b
10、urst) out again, what _ (happen) to our people on earth?werewould takeburstwould happenPRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks.If he _ （drive）more carefully, he _(not have) the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had 二. 名词性从句的虚拟语气。 主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。 1.宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持：insist 两个命令：order, command
11、 三个建议：advise, suggest, propose 五个要求：demand , require, request, desire ask 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气 用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原 形，或者将should省略。我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚决要求我到场。 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作 。We suggested that Tom have a rest. He insisted that I (should )be present.The king ordered that the prisoners b
12、e killed the next day. They requested that we (should) send them to work there.虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 注意:insist / suggest 各有两意思，要用不同的语气 表“坚决要求”,虚拟, should + do; 表“坚称,坚持说”,陈述语气,表事实。 表“建议”，虚拟, should + do; 表“表明、暗示” ，用陈述语气。 1. The teacher suggested that we _ more after class. （我们课后多练习） 2. The look on her face su
13、ggested that she _happy 3. He insisted that all of us _there on time by any means. （我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿 ） 4. He insisted that he _ the wallet(没有 偷钱包).insistsuggest(should) practisewas should bedidnt steal以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句 包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也 要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样 。即：(should)V.order, advice, suggestion, propos
14、al, demand, request, desireIts suggested that the plan My demand is that she to see me once a week.We are for the advice that the factory closed down.be carried out.should comeshould be三. 虚拟语气特殊句型:1. wish 的宾语从句现在: 过去时（were）过去: 过去完成时未来: would/could/might +V. shouldI wish I as tall as you.wereI wish e
15、very day my birthday.wereI wish/wished I eaten so much watermelon.(2) 表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had过去分词”。hadntI wish it rain tomorrow.wouldHe looks as if he drunk.They talked as if they friends for years.She loves the baby as if it her own son.I remembered the whole thing as if it yesterday.werehad happenedhad beenwere2,As if/thoug
